Abstract: Brain injury can be caused by trauma or may occur in stroke or neurodegenerative diseases. The disclosure relates to compositions that can include exosomes isolated from human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) and methods where exosomes from hASC may be used alone or in combination with insulin for the treatment of brain injury.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising exosomes isolated from hASC and their use in a method of treating brain injury in a subject.

Abstract: A method of treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other neurological disorders is presented herein. Both conditioned media (CM) containing long non-coding RNAs such as NEAT1 (nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1) and MALAT1 (metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) as well as human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) themselves (Tx), when administered at least 3 hours post injury, were found to significantly ameliorate motor and cognitive functions in young, but not aged, mice undergoing TBI. Significant reduction in cortical damage and hippocampal cell loss was observed in both Tx and CM groups in young rats, whereas less neuroprotection was detected in the aged rats and mainly in the Tx group but not the CM group, which may in part result from decreased homing of the cells to the spleen.