Abstract: In one embodiment, a display element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a display cell defined by a dielectric material between the first electrode and the second electrode. The display cell includes a narrower portion adjacent the first electrode and a wider portion. The narrower portion has a first cross-sectional area and the wider portion has a second cross-sectional area. A cross-sectional area of the display cell gradually transitions between the first cross-sectional area and the second cross-sectional area. The display element includes a fluid with colorants within the display cell.

Abstract: An electro-optical display includes colorant particles that are suspended in a carrier fluid. The colorant particles are controlled by three different types of electrodes. An exposed electrode acts on the colorant particles in an electrokinetic manner by compacting the colorant particles. A passivated electrode acts on the colorant particles in an electrostatic manner by holding the colorant particles once compacted. A reference electrode attracts the colorant particles to compaction areas.

Abstract: One embodiment is an electronic display that includes plural reservoirs, two spaced electrodes, and a plural colorant disposed between the two spaced electrodes. Colorants in the plural colorant move between the two spaced electrodes and into the plural reservoirs when subject to an electric field.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a display element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a display cell defined by a dielectric material between the first electrode and the second electrode. The display cell includes a narrower portion adjacent the first electrode and a wider portion. The narrower portion has a first cross-sectional area and the wider portion has a second cross-sectional area. A cross-sectional area of the display cell gradually transitions between the first cross-sectional area and the second cross-sectional area. The display element includes a fluid with colorants within the display cell.

Abstract: A display element includes a first electrode including conductive lines, a second electrode, and a dielectric layer on the first electrode. The dielectric layer has recess regions therein exposing at least portions of the conductive lines. The display element includes a fluid with colorant particles between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A display system encompasses electrodes that induce a convective flow of a carrier fluid that transports a colorant species that is suspended in the carrier fluid. At least one of the convection flow, speed, and direction of the colorant species is controlled by operation of the electrodes.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a microcalorimeter system includes a first microfluidic channel coupling a calorimeter with a sample chamber. A second microfluidic channel couples the calorimeter with a waste chamber. An inertial pump includes a fluid actuator integrated asymmetrically within the first microfluidic channel, and the fluid actuator is capable of selective activation to pump fluid from the sample chamber to the calorimeter and from the calorimeter to the waste chamber through the first and second microfluidic channels, respectively.

Abstract: A display system encompasses electrodes that induce a convective flow of a carrier fluid that transports a colorant species that is suspended in the carrier fluid. At least one of the convection flow, speed, and direction of the colorant species is controlled by operation of the electrodes.

Abstract: Systems and a method for routing optical signals are disclosed. One system includes a first large core hollow metal waveguide configured to guide a substantially coherent optical beam. A second large core hollow waveguide is optically coupled to the first waveguide with a coupling device. The coupling device is configured to divide the coherent optical beam into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam. Beam walk-off within the coupling device causes the transmitted beam to be shifted by an offset amount. The second large core hollow metal waveguide is shifted from the first large core hollow metal waveguide by approximately the offset amount to receive the shifted transmitted beam.

Abstract: A system and method for guiding polarized light is disclosed. One system comprises a large core hollow waveguide having first and second dimensions that are substantially perpendicular. The first and second dimensions are orthogonal to a direction of travel of light in the waveguide. A length of the first dimension is substantially greater than a length of the second dimension to enable light waves with an electric field approximately parallel with the first dimension to propagate through the waveguide with substantially less loss than light waves that have an electric field approximately parallel with the second dimension.

Abstract: An optical interconnect includes a set of splitters. Each splitter includes a source waveguide, a reflection waveguide, an output waveguide, and a partially reflective mirror element with a reflective coating. The source waveguide and the reflection waveguide are optically coupled to the partially reflective element. A photonic signal from the source waveguide is partially reflected off the reflective coating as a reflected signal into the reflection waveguide. The output waveguide is optically coupled to the opposite surface and configured such that a non-reflected portion of the photonic signal propagates into the output waveguide. The reflective coating includes a reflected surface area interfacing with the photonic signal form the source waveguide, and power of the non-reflected portion is a function of the reflective surface area interfacing with source waveguide.

Abstract: A display includes a plurality of display elements. Each display element includes two opposed electrodes, a first dielectric layer, a fluid including a plurality of colorants, and a second dielectric layer. The first dielectric layer is disposed between the electrodes and has at least one reservoir defined therein. The second dielectric layer exhibits non-linear resistance, and is disposed on at least one of the electrodes and adjacent to the fluid. The fluid is disposed in a space defined between the electrodes, and the plurality of colorants is configured to move in response to an applied electric field.

Abstract: A communication network is described in which a number of computing nodes are situated in a logical multidimensional array and are linked by communication cables. The communication cables carry conduits connecting each node with all other nodes in the array so that a direct physical connection exists between every pair of computing nodes in the array. A method of providing interconnection among nodes in a communication network comprises arranging and connecting computing nodes in an array as described above, where each node passively redirects conduits to columns and rows in the array.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a system and method for creating nano-object arrays. A nano-object array can be created by exposing troughs in a corrugated surface to nano-objects and depositing the nano-objects within or orienting the nano-objects with the troughs.

Abstract: A display system encompasses electrodes that induce a convective flow of a carrier fluid that transports a colorant species that is suspended in the carrier fluid. At least one of the convection flow, speed, and direction of the colorant species is controlled by operation of the electrodes.

Abstract: A mold with a protruding pattern is provided that is pressed into a thin polymer film via an imprinting process. Controlled connections between nanowires and microwires and other lithographically-made elements of electronic circuitry are provided. An imprint stamp is configured to form arrays of approximately parallel nanowires which have (1) micro dimensions in the X direction, (2) nano dimensions and nano spacing in the Y direction, and three or more distinct heights in the Z direction. The stamp thus formed can be used to connect specific individual nanowires to specific microscopic regions of microscopic wires or pads. The protruding pattern in the mold creates recesses in the thin polymer film, so the polymer layer acquires the reverse of the pattern on the mold. After the mold is removed, the film is processed such that the polymer pattern can be transferred on a metal/semiconductor pattern on the substrate.

Abstract: Various embodiments and methods utilizing resonators that differently receive electromagnetic radiation from a modulated signal are disclosed.

Abstract: A mold with a protruding pattern is provided that is pressed into a thin polymer film via an imprinting process. Controlled connections between nanowires and microwires and other lithographically-made elements of electronic circuitry are provided. An imprint stamp is configured to form arrays of approximately parallel nanowires which have (1) micro dimensions in the X direction, (2) nano dimensions and nano spacing in the Y direction, and three or more distinct heights in the Z direction. The stamp thus formed can be used to connect specific individual nanowires to specific microscopic regions of microscopic wires or pads. The protruding pattern in the mold creates recesses in the thin polymer film, so the polymer layer acquires the reverse of the pattern on the mold. After the mold is removed, the film is processed such that the polymer pattern can be transferred on a metal/semiconductor pattern on the substrate.

Abstract: A daisy-chain optical interconnection technique provides connectivity among a plurality of circuit boards. A plurality of optical cables is connected between pairs of the circuit boards to form a ring. Optical connection matrices disposed on each circuit board accept the ends of the optical cables. The optical connection matrices include optical vias to connect selected ones of the optical paths between ends of the optical cables. Unselected ones of the optical paths are coupled to optical transmitters and optical receivers on each board.

Abstract: A structure is provided that is formed with a template defining a pattern having nanoscale features. The template may be positioned on a substrate and include a resist layer having openings formed therein, where the template is configured to accommodate the controlled assembly of nanoscale objects.