Abstract: The techniques described herein relate to systems and methods for diagnosing diseases in human patients. In some cases, a method includes providing a set of global data to a global data center and processing the set of global data and categorizing it into data clusters, where each data cluster corresponds to a diagnostic indicator for assessment of a physiological or pathological condition. The method can further include measuring data of a local patient using measurement equipment of a local autonomous cell and communicating the local measurement data from the local autonomous cell to the global data center. The local measurement data can be processed, and the processed local measurement data can be compared with the data clusters to determine a local diagnostic indicator for the local patient. The local diagnostic indicator can then be communicated from the global data center to the local autonomous cell.

Abstract: The techniques described herein relate to a method for diagnosing diseases in human patients including providing a set of global electrocardiograms to a global data center, processing the set of global electrocardiograms, and categorizing the processed set of global electrocardiograms into data clusters. Each data cluster can correspond to a diagnostic indicator for assessment of a physiological or pathological condition. The method can further include measuring a local electrocardiogram of a local patient using an electrocardiograph machine of a local autonomous cell, communicating the local electrocardiogram and local patient data from the local autonomous cell to the global data center, processing the local electrocardiogram, and comparing the processed local electrocardiogram with the data clusters to determine a local diagnostic indicator for the local patient. The local diagnostic indicator can also be communicated from the global data center to the local autonomous cell.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing diseases in human patients can include providing a set of global X-ray diffraction (XRD) data to a global data center (GDC) and processing the set of global XRD data and categorizing it into data clusters, where each data cluster corresponds to a diagnostic indicator for assessment of a physiological or pathological condition. The method can further include communicating local XRD data and local patient data from a local autonomous cell (LAC) to the GDC, where the local XRD data includes information about a tissue sample measured using a tissue diffractometer of the LAC, and wherein the tissue sample includes skin. The method can further include processing the local XRD data, comparing it with the data clusters to determine a local diagnostic indicator for the local patient, and communicating the local diagnostic indicator to the LAC.

Abstract: The techniques described herein relate to systems and methods for diagnosing diseases in animal patients. In some cases, a method includes providing a set of global data to a global data center and processing the set of global data and categorizing it into data clusters, where each data cluster corresponds to a diagnostic indicator for assessment of a physiological or pathological condition. The method can further include measuring data of a local patient using measurement equipment of a local autonomous cell and communicating the local measurement data from the local autonomous cell to the global data center. The local measurement data can be processed, and the processed local measurement data can be compared with the data clusters to determine a local diagnostic indicator for the local patient. The local diagnostic indicator can then be communicated from the global data center to the local autonomous cell.

Abstract: Provided herein are diffractometer-based global diagnostic systems and uses thereof. The systems may comprise one or more diffraction apparatus operatively coupled to a computer database over a network. The one or more diffraction apparatus may be configured for transfer of data such as pathology lab image data, diffraction pattern data, subject data, or any combination thereof to the computer database over the network. The systems may further comprise one or more computer processors operatively coupled to the one or more diffraction apparatus, which computer processors may be configured to receive the data from the diffraction apparatus, transmit the data to the computer database, and process the data using a data analytics algorithm which may provide a computer-aided diagnostic indicator for the individual subject.

Abstract: An in vitro human-tissue analysis and communication system produces a quantitative diagnostic indicator for in vitro human-tissue analyzed by the system. The system includes a human-tissue-analyzer subsystem with at least one human-tissue analyzer that analyzes in vitro samples of human tissue and produces a quantitative-diagnostic indicator of each sample. The system also includes a two-way communication subsystem that allows the human-tissue-analyzer subsystem to send and receive information relevant to the quantitative-diagnostic indicators. The human-tissue-analyzer subsystem includes at least one tissue diffractometer operatively coupled to a computer database over a network, and configured for acquisition of the in vitro samples, and transfer of the corresponding human-tissue data to the computer database over the network.

Abstract: An animal-tissue analysis and communication system produces a quantitative-diagnostic indicator for animal-tissue analyzed by the system. The system includes an animal-tissue-analyzer subsystem with at least one animal-tissue analyzer constructed to analyze animal tissue and to produce an quantitative-diagnostic indicator. The system also includes a two-way communication subsystem constructed to allow the animal-tissue-analyzer subsystem to send and receive information relevant to the quantitative-diagnostic indicator. The animal-tissue-analyzer subsystem includes at least one tissue diffractometer operatively coupled to a computer database over a network, and is configured for acquisition and transfer of animal-tissue data, and transfer to the computer database over the network.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to determining a therapy efficacy. A method for determining an efficacy of a therapy for a disease in a human patient can include measuring a molecular structure of a biological tissue of a patient at a first time and at a second time using a non-invasive biological tissue characterization technique. The method can further include observing a change of the molecular structure of the biological tissue between the first time and the second time, and determining the efficacy of the therapy based on the observed change in the molecular structure of the biological tissue. Before the first time, or between the first time and the second time, the patient received the therapy.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an X-ray system comprises a work-station and a mammography apparatus. The mammography apparatus can comprise: a breast positioning area; an absorption contrast imaging apparatus; and a diffractometer for analyzing structure of tissue within a breast. The absorption contrast imaging apparatus and the diffractometer can be configured to move in order to interchangeably align with the breast positioning area. The work-station can be configured to control the mammography apparatus, and to process data received from the mammography apparatus.

Abstract: In some embodiments an X-ray system comprises a work-station and a mammography apparatus. The mammography apparatus can comprise: a breast positioning area; a diffraction enhanced X-ray imaging apparatus; and a diffractometer for analyzing structure of tissue within a breast. The diffraction enhanced X-ray imaging apparatus and the diffractometer can be configured to move in order to interchangeably align with the breast positioning area. The work-station can be configured to control, and to process data received from, the mammography apparatus.

Abstract: An in vivo human-tissue analysis and communication system produces a quantitative diagnostic indicator for human-tissue analyzed by the system. The system includes a human-tissue-analyzer subsystem with at least one human-tissue analyzer constructed to analyze human tissue and to produce a quantitative-diagnostic indicator. There is also a two-way communication subsystem constructed to allow the human-tissue-analyzer subsystem to send and receive information relevant to the quantitative-diagnostic indicator. The human-tissue-analyzer subsystem includes at least one tissue diffractometer operatively coupled to a computer database over a network, and configured for acquisition of human-tissue data and transfer to the computer database over the network.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to determining an efficacy of a therapeutic agent. A method for determining an efficacy of a therapeutic agent for a target disease can include measuring a molecular structure of a biological tissue of an animal at a first time and at a second time using a non-invasive biological tissue characterization technique. The method can further include observing a change of the molecular structure of the biological tissue between the first time and the second time, and determining the efficacy of the therapeutic agent based on the observed change in the molecular structure of the biological tissue. Before the first time, or between the first time and the second time, the animal received the therapeutic agent.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to determining a therapy efficacy. A method for determining an efficacy of a therapy for a disease in an animal patient can include measuring a molecular structure of a biological tissue of an animal patient at a first time and at a second time using a non-invasive biological tissue characterization technique. The method can further include observing a change of the molecular structure of the biological tissue between the first time and the second time, and determining the efficacy of the therapy based on the observed change in the molecular structure of the biological tissue. Before the first time, or between the first time and the second time, the animal patient received the therapy.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to determining a biological tissue structural marker for diagnosis of a disease using a biological tissue characterization technique. A method for determining a structural marker for a diagnosis of a disease can include measuring a first molecular structure of a biological tissue of a first population of animals, after a carcinogenic or pathogenic substance was introduced into the first population. A second molecular structure of the biological tissue of a second population of animals can be measured, wherein the second population did not receive the carcinogenic or pathogenic substance. A first and a second structural marker of the molecular structures of the biological tissue of the first and second populations, respectively, can be identified and compared to determine that the first structural marker is indicative that the biological tissue of the first population of animals was affected by the disease.

Abstract: Provided herein are diffractometer-based global diagnostic systems and uses thereof. The systems may comprise one or more diffraction apparatus operatively coupled to a computer database over a network. The one or more diffraction apparatus may be configured for transfer of data such as pathology lab image data, diffraction pattern data, subject data, or any combination thereof to the computer database over the network. The systems may further comprise one or more computer processors operatively coupled to the one or more diffraction apparatus, which computer processors may be configured to receive the data from the diffraction apparatus, transmit the data to the computer database, and process the data using a data analytics algorithm which may provide a computer-aided diagnostic indicator for the individual subject.

Abstract: Provided herein are diffractometer-based global in situ diagnostic systems and uses thereof. The systems may comprise one or more tissue diffractometers that are configured for acquiring in situ diffraction data for a subject, e.g., a patient, and that are operatively coupled to a computer database over a network. The one or more tissue diffractometers may be configured for transfer of data such as image data, diffraction pattern data, subject data, or any combination thereof to the computer database over the network. The systems may further comprise one or more computer processors operatively coupled to the tissue diffractometers, which computer processors may be configured to receive the data from the tissue diffractometers, transmit the data to the computer database, and process the data using a data analytics algorithm which may provide a computer-aided diagnostic indicator for the individual subject.

Abstract: Provided herein are diffractometer-based global in situ diagnostic systems and uses thereof. The systems may comprise one or more tissue diffractometers that are configured for acquiring in situ diffraction data for a subject, e.g., a patient, and that are operatively coupled to a computer database over a network. The one or more tissue diffractometers may be configured for transfer of data such as image data, diffraction pattern data, subject data, or any combination thereof to the computer database over the network. The systems may further comprise one or more computer processors operatively coupled to the tissue diffractometers, which computer processors may be configured to receive the data from the tissue diffractometers, transmit the data to the computer database, and process the data using a data analytics algorithm which may provide a computer-aided diagnostic indicator for the individual subject.

Abstract: An in vitro human-tissue analysis and communication system produces a quantitative diagnostic indicator for in vitro human-tissue analyzed by the system. The system includes a human-tissue-analyzer subsystem with at least one human-tissue analyzer that analyzes in vitro samples of human tissue and produces a quantitative-diagnostic indicator of each sample. The system also includes a two-way communication subsystem that allows the human-tissue-analyzer subsystem to send and receive information relevant to the quantitative-diagnostic indicators. The human-tissue-analyzer subsystem includes at least one tissue diffractometer operatively coupled to a computer database over a network, and configured for acquisition of the in vitro samples, and transfer of the corresponding human-tissue data to the computer database over the network.

Abstract: An animal-tissue analysis and communication system produces a quantitative-diagnostic indicator for animal-tissue analyzed by the system. The system includes an animal-tissue-analyzer subsystem with at least one animal-tissue analyzer constructed to analyze animal tissue and to produce an quantitative-diagnostic indicator. The system also includes a two-way communication subsystem constructed to allow the animal-tissue-analyzer subsystem to send and receive information relevant to the quantitative-diagnostic indicator. The animal-tissue-analyzer subsystem includes at least one tissue diffractometer operatively coupled to a computer database over a network, and is configured for acquisition and transfer of animal-tissue data, and transfer to the computer database over the network.

Abstract: An in vivo human-tissue analysis and communication system produces a quantitative diagnostic indicator for human-tissue analyzed by the system. The system includes a human-tissue-analyzer subsystem with at least one human-tissue analyzer constructed to analyze human tissue and to produce a quantitative-diagnostic indicator. There is also a two-way communication subsystem constructed to allow the human-tissue-analyzer subsystem to send and receive information relevant to the quantitative-diagnostic indicator. The human-tissue-analyzer subsystem includes at least one tissue diffractometer operatively coupled to a computer database over a network, and configured for acquisition of human-tissue data and transfer to the computer database over the network.