Abstract: A method implemented in an ophthalmic surgical laser system for forming a corneal flap in a patient's eye with improved bubble management. The flap includes a horizontal bed and a vertical or near vertical side cut around the periphery of the bed except for an uncut hinge area. The side cut has a bubble barrier layer that can prevent bubbles formed by the laser-tissue interaction from escaping into an interface between the corneal and the patient interface lens. In some embodiments, the bubble barrier layer is a thin uncut layer, located in the epithelium of the cornea, that separates the side cut into two portions. In other embodiments, the side cut does not reach the anterior corneal surface, leaving an uncut bubble barrier layer located with the epithelium. In other embodiments, an additional side cut portion is formed through the uncut bubble barrier layer as the last step.

Abstract: A reconfigurable microplate reader comprises a plurality of user installable detection modules. Each module comprises a self-contained detector for a microplate reader. Each module reconfigures the microplate reader to implement at least one specific detection scheme for detecting any of luminescence, fluorescence, and absorbance and/or reconfiguring said microplate reader to implement any of a fluorometer and a luminometer. A microplate reader platform has a port for coupling at least one user installable detection module thereto. The platform also comprises a user interface from the platform to the module, a machine interface from the platform to the module, and a platform configuration mechanism for recognizing a specific detection scheme for an installed detection module and for configuring the platform to support the specific detection scheme.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the concentration of molecules or atoms by measuring the ratio of two fluorescence signals. A sample having fluorescent molecules is exposed to radiation or excitation energy from a first source, which can be a broadband light source. The fluorescence of the sample is detected at two different wavelengths. The concentration of specific molecules or atoms within the sample is determined using the ratio of the two fluorescence signals. Fluorescent molecules can be bound to a human serum or plasma sample to allow determination of the concentration of unbound free fatty acids in the sample.