Abstract: An apparatus is provided an includes a measuring device that measures a physical quantity representative of a movement of a panel between a closed position and an open position. A processing device: measures the physical quantity when the panel is moved towards the open position; measures the physical quantity in a reference position when the panel is moved towards the closed position; determines, for the reference position, an offset value between the physical quantity measured when the panel is moved towards the closed position and another value of the physical quantity measured when the panel was moved towards the open position; determines a second profile by shifting the first profile based on the offset value; repeatedly measures the physical quantity when the panel is moved towards the closed position to obtain a third profile; and detects a potential pinch if the third profile crosses the second profile.

Abstract: A method for detecting potential pinches caused by at least one powered movable panel between a closed position and an open position, by: measuring a physical quantity at a plurality of panel positions when the panel is moved towards the open position so as to get a first profile, measuring said physical quantity in a reference position, when the panel is moved towards the closed position, and determining an offset value, determining a second profile by shifting the first profile of a shifting value, measuring said physical quantity in a repetitive manner when the panel is moved towards the closed position so as to get a third profile, and detecting a potential pinch if the third profile crosses the second profile.

Abstract: The pinch detector includes a torque estimator that estimates a motor torque from current values of physical quantities of the motor including a motor voltage, a motor current and a motor speed, using coefficients of an approximation function that calculates an energy conversion efficiency of the motor as a function of the motor torque; a converter that calculates a first estimation of a pinch force exerted by the opening and closing member on a pinched object by converting the estimated motor torque into an estimated pinch force using a torque to force conversion coefficient; a comparator that compares the estimated pinch force with a predetermined force limit in order to detect a pinch based on the comparison result.

Abstract: A method for detecting potential pinches caused by at least one powered movable panel between a closed position and an open position, by: measuring a physical quantity at a plurality of panel positions when the panel is moved towards the open position so as to get a first profile, measuring said physical quantity in a reference position, when the panel is moved towards the closed position, and determining an offset value, determining a second profile by shifting the first profile of a shifting value, measuring said physical quantity in a repetitive manner when the panel is moved towards the closed position so as to get a third profile, and detecting a potential pinch if the third profile crosses the second profile.

Abstract: The pinch detector includes a torque estimator that estimates a motor torque from current values of physical quantities of the motor including a motor voltage, a motor current and a motor speed, using coefficients of an approximation function that calculates an energy conversion efficiency of the motor as a function of the motor torque; a converter that calculates a first estimation of a pinch force exerted by the opening and closing member on a pinched object by converting the estimated motor torque into an estimated pinch force using a torque to force conversion coefficient; a comparator that compares the estimated pinch force with a predetermined force limit in order to detect a pinch based on the comparison result.