Abstract: A lazy updating system where a traditional non-blockchain database is updated first and applies a state change to a blockchain lazily while still allowing a client application to perform operations on the new state is disclosed. The lazy updating system enables transactions related to blockchain-based goods to use one or more databases (e.g., local or distributed databases) to mirror blockchain state. Operations such as displaying a user interface (UI) with the current state of the blockchain use these databases instead of the blockchain directly to enable faster loading times. Instead of waiting for a blockchain to confirm a change to the state of their goods, the lazy updating system enables a service to first update its local database with a given change to allow users to interact with the new state and execute the blockchain transaction in the background with the assumption that the given change will eventually be confirmed.

Abstract: A bid matching for blockchain-based goods/assets system that allows users to participate in efficient and optimized auctions of blockchain-based assets/goods is disclosed. Instead of paying the current price for a blockchain-based item by signing and executing a transaction immediately, buyers pre-sign a crypto-transaction for a given future price of the item. The buyer sends the pre-signed crypto-transaction for future execution when the price of the blockchain-based good/asset matches (or falls below) a price that the buyer specified in the pre-signed transaction. Instead of executing bids on-chain, the bid matching for blockchain-based goods/assets system enables execution of an off-chain service that allows users to bid on one or more blockchain-based items with pre-signed transactions that are instantaneous and not dependent on network conditions. After an auction has ended, a winning bid is selected and executed automatically to consummate the purchase of the blockchain-based assets/goods.

Abstract: A fiat to blockchain-based items/goods system is disclosed, which can be used by a user to purchase blockchain-based goods using traditional payment methods (fiat currency transactions using, e.g., credit card, debit card, bank account, PayPal account, Apple Pay, Google Wallet/Google Pay, etc.) without first requiring the user to create a blockchain wallet and fund it via an account with a digital currency exchange.