Abstract: A system to confine a space above an electrolyte in a metal electrowinning cell and to evacuate aerosols of two or three phases that are generated in the space, wherein the system confines in a compartmentalized manner a space above the level of the electrolyte adjoining cathode guides attached to a support structure, the cathodes within their guides, an anodic confiner for each anode, which are mounted directly around them, via their central groove of a length equal to the width of the anode, a pair of flexible projections and a pair of angle profiles of rigid material each of which is located on either side of the anodic confiner, wherein all these elements are linked by a multiplicity of coupling elements.

Abstract: The metal production processes that are carried out in electrolytic cells, release gases into the environment that incorporate micro drops of the components of the electrolyte, from which metals are produced, one of whose components is generally an acid or a strong base. The difficulties that these gases with micro drops entail are varied and affect the operators, and production structures and equipment. Thus, the operators must protect their respiratory system by using masks and protect their eyes using glasses. The structures, as well as the equipment required for the process and the manipulation of supplies and products, suffer corrosion.

Abstract: The current systems for stirring electrolyte in the cells for the electrolytic production of metals consists of introducing into the production cells, air or compressed neutral gases at low pressure in ventilators, and distribute them in the cell by means of perforated pipes to stir the electrolyte. These pipes are firmly attached to the structure of the cell or to a supporting structure of insulating material, in the case of the newly designed cells. With use, the crystallization of salts dissolved in the electrolyte, the depositing of solids and of anodic sludge will obstruct the perforations of the pipes, limiting the circulation of the electrolyte stirring air. During the operation of the cell, breakdowns or failures occur in the ventilators, distribution ducts and perforated pipes of this system for different reasons whose reparation or cleaning implies losing production time.

Abstract: A vertical guide for electrodes characterized in that it includes 1) an upper portion or aligning head and a lower portion that corresponds to the guide itself, whose aligning head, designed to make it easier to introduce the cathode in the guide, has cylindrical-hexahedral perforations that permit attaching the vertical guide by means of bolts or another means to the electrolytic cell's support structure made of insulating material; 2) the head formed by a cylindrical housing having a horizontal axis and two inclined symmetrical surfaces that approach each other in a downward line until they become tangential to the interior faces of the “U” profile that continues downward, so that they are similar to a funnel open on one side; 3) a lower portion made up of the actual guide, whose space through which the electrode slides must be slightly wider than it, consists of a U-type profile with flanges, and which, on the outside, has triangular, or rectangular stiffening ribs, or both types, preferably separated at r

Abstract: A vertical guide for electrodes characterized in that it includes 1) an upper portion or aligning head and a lower portion that corresponds to the guide itself, whose aligning head, designed to make it easier to introduce the cathode in the guide, has cylindrical-hexahedral perforations that permit attaching the vertical guide by means of bolts or another means to the electrolytic cell's support structure made of insulating material; 2) the head formed by a cylindrical housing having a horizontal axis and two inclined symmetrical surfaces that approach each other in a downward line until they become tangential to the interior faces of the “U” profile that continues downward, so that they are similar to a funnel open on one side; 3) a lower portion made up of the actual guide, whose space through which the electrode slides must be slightly wider than it, consists of a U-type profile with flanges, and which, on the outside, has triangular, or rectangular stiffening ribs, or both types, preferably separated at r

Abstract: A modular system for improving electro-metallurgical processes comprising a nucleus formed by upper and lower rectangular frames, the nucleus. At least one cathode guide is attached to at least one of longitudinal beams. The at least one cathode guide is operable to keep positive ions from reaching border or edge of the cathode. At least one anode guide is provided.

Abstract: An improved thin film magnetic recording head includes a pole tip assembly which has a precisely formed physical geometry. The physical geometry of the pole tip assembly minimizes deleterious effects due to undershoots, while the method of manufacturing the pole tip assembly allows for precise control of feature tolerances (up to 0.2 micrometer accuracy) of the pole tip assembly. In one embodiment, the pole tip assembly has a generally hexagonal configuration with a raised hexagonal center portion comprising leading and trailing pole tips and a raised gap portion, and a surrounding hexagonal trench which surrounds the raised center portion. The raised center portion is substantially flush with the surrounding face of the recording head. Alternative embodiments contemplate elliptical or circular raised center portions, and variously shaped trenches to facilitate the evacuation of debris.

Abstract: An improved thin film magnetic recording head includes a pole tip assembly which has a precisely formed physical geometry. The physical geometry of the pole tip assembly minimizes deleterious effects due roundershoots, while the method of manufacturing the pole tip assembly allows for precise control of feature tolerances (up to 0.2 micrometer accuracy) of the pole tip assembly. In one embodiment, the pole tip assembly has a generally hexagonal configuration with a raised hexagonal center portion comprising leading and trailing pole tips and a raised gap portion, and a surrounding hexagonal trench which surrounds the raised center portion. The raised center portion is substantially flush with the surrounding face of the recording head. Alternative embodiments contemplate elliptical or circular raised center portions, and variously shaped trenches to facilitate the evacuation of debris.

Abstract: An improved thin film magnetic recording head includes a pole tip assembly which has a precisely formed physical geometry. The physical geometry of the pole tip assembly minimizes deleterious effects due to undershoots, while the method of manufacturing the pole tip assembly allows for precise control of feature tolerances (up to 0.2 micrometer accuracy) of the pole tip assembly. In one embodiment, the pole tip assembly has a generally hexagonal configuration with a raised hexagonal center portion comprising leading and trailing pole tips and a raised gap portion, and a surrounding hexagonal trench which surrounds the raised center portion. The raised center portion is substantially flush with the surrounding face of the recording head. Alternative embodiments contemplate elliptical or circular raised center portions, and variously shaped trenches to facilitate the evacuation of debris.