Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of monitoring dioxane biodegradation in an environment by: (1) exposing a sample from the environment to an oligonucleotide probe that targets at least one bacterial nucleotide sequence; (2) detecting the presence of the at least one bacterial nucleotide sequence in the sample from the environment; and (3) correlating the presence of the at least one bacterial nucleotide sequence to dioxane biodegradation in the environment. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure can be used to determine whether monitored natural attenuation (MNA) of dioxane will occur in the environment. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure can be used to determine whether dioxane decontamination is needed. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to oligonucleotide probes for monitoring dioxane biodegradation in an environment.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, devices and apparatus for bioremediation of mixed waste aquifers, based on a synergistic combination of reductive treatment using zero-valent iron and anaerobic biotransformations. Also disclosed are methods for in situ and ex situ remediation of groundwater and wastewater via these iron-bacterial compositions in a variety of devices including batch reactors, permeable and semipermeable reactive barriers, flow-through reactors, fluidized bed reactors, and sediment tanks.