Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide, inter alia, a novel nutritional formula for infants and toddlers. Also provided are methods for promoting development of infants and toddlers, such as development of the brain, eye and/or immune system, including in preterm infants.

Abstract: An instrument for the manipulation of the light wavefront, and a method for the manipulation of the light wavefront. The instrument for the manipulation of the light wavefront comprises: two or more active light modulation areas, and an optical system that determines an optical path between the active light modulation areas, which conjugates the planes (2, 6; 9, 12) of the active light modulation areas, the optical system comprising at least one mirror (4; 11) and at least one lens (3, 5; 10), wherein the active light modulation areas have a phase modulation depth of equal to or less than ? radians.

Abstract: An instrument for the manipulation of the light wavefront, and a method for the manipulation of the light wavefront. The instrument for the manipulation of the light wavefront comprises: two or more active light modulation areas, and an optical system that determines an optical path between the active light modulation areas, which conjugates the planes (2, 6; 9, 12) of the active light modulation areas, the optical system comprising at least one mirror (4; 11) and at least one lens (3, 5; 10), wherein the active light modulation areas have a phase modulation depth of equal to or less than ? radians.

Abstract: Intraocular lens and methods for optimization of depth of focus and the image quality in the periphery of the visual field.

Abstract: The general inventive concepts are directed to compositions and methods for the prevention and treatment of dehydration. Provided herein are nutritional compositions including oral rehydration compositions. Certain embodiments of the nutritional compositions have an acidic pH, and comprise a digestible carbohydrate, sodium, citrate, and an oligosaccharide selected from a fucosylated oligosaccharide and an N-acetylated oligosaccharide.

Abstract: Intraocular tens and methods for optimization of depth of focus and the image quality in the periphery of the visual field.

Abstract: The general inventive concepts are directed to compositions and methods for the prevention and treatment of dehydration. Provided herein are nutritional compositions including oral rehydration compositions. Certain embodiments of the nutritional compositions have an acidic pH, and comprise a digestible carbohydrate, sodium, citrate, and an oligosaccharide selected from a fucosylated oligosaccharide and an N-acetylated oligosaccharide.

Abstract: The general inventive concepts are directed to compositions and methods for the prevention and treatment of dehydration. Provided herein are nutritional compositions including oral rehydration compositions. Certain embodiments of the nutritional compositions have an acidic pH, and comprise a digestible carbohydrate, sodium, citrate, and an oligosaccharide selected from a fucosylated oligosaccharide and an N-acetylated oligosaccharide.

Abstract: The general inventive concepts are directed to compositions and methods for the prevention and treatment of dehydration. Provided herein are nutritional compositions including oral rehydration compositions. Certain embodiments of the nutritional compositions have an acidic pH, and comprise a digestible carbohydrate, sodium, citrate, and an oligosaccharide selected from a fucosylated oligosaccharide and an N-acetylated oligosaccharide.

Abstract: An ophthalmic instrument for measurement of ocular refraction and visual simulation and a method of measurement obtaining the ocular refraction in a binocular manner, which incorporates a digitally controlled phase modulator for generating best ophthalmic correction in each subject. The instrument enables measuring refraction, not only associated with blurring and astigmatism, but also optical aberration of any order. The phoropter can simulate vision by any phase profile, including those of a diffractive or discontinuous type. The instrument also incorporates a subsystem for presentation of stimuli that produces stereoscopic vision of the same, enabling the subject to enjoy a three dimensional perception during the process, and two output pupils. The instrument, by its electro-optical features, enables simulation of vision as it would be modified after submitting an eye to different surgical techniques, such as refractive surgery or interocular lens implantation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ophthalmic instrument and method for measuring, controlling, and handling aberrations (1) of the eyes (2, 3), which further simultaneously provide visual stimulants when operating same. The instrument consists of a single device for correcting aberrations (4) as well as a single aberration sensor (5), optically connected by an optical system (14). A lighting system (9) introduces beams of light into both eyes. The measurement, control, and handling of the aberrations (1), as well as the providing of visual stimulants (6), are simultaneously and binocularly (7, 8) carried out.

Abstract: An ophthalmic instrument for measurement of ocular refraction and visual simulation and a method of measurement obtaining the ocular refraction in a binocular manner, which incorporates a digitally controlled phase modulator for generating best ophthalmic correction in each subject. The instrument enables measuring refraction, not only associated with blurring and astigmatism, but also optical aberration of any order. The phoropter can simulate vision by any phase profile, including those of a diffractive or discontinuous type. The instrument also incorporates a subsystem for presentation of stimuli that produces stereoscopic vision of the same, enabling the subject to enjoy a three dimensional perception during the process, and two output pupils. The instrument, by its electro-optical features, enables simulation of vision as it would be modified after submitting an eye to different surgical techniques, such as refractive surgery or interocular lens implantation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ophthalmic instrument and method for measuring, controlling, and handling aberrations (1) of the eyes (2, 3), which further simultaneously provide visual stimulants when operating same. The instrument consists of a single device for correcting aberrations (4) as well as a single aberration sensor (5), optically connected by an optical system (14). A lighting system (9) introduces beams of light into both eyes. The measurement, control, and handling of the aberrations (1), as well as the providing of visual stimulants (6), are simultaneously and binocularly (7, 8) carried out.

Abstract: Disclosed are infant formulas comprising at least about 6.5 g/L, on an as-fed basis, of an enriched whey protein concentrate, at least about 0.13% docosahexaenoic acid by weight of total fatty acids, and at least about 0.25% arachidonic acid by weight of total fatty acids. The formulas also typically include at least about 5 mg/L of gangliosides, at least about 150 mg/L of phospholipids, and at least about 70 mg/L of total sialic acid with at least about 2.5% as lipid-bound sialic acid, all of which are provided in whole or in part from the enriched whey protein concentrate. Also disclosed are methods of accelerating brain development, neural migration, and cognitive development in an infant by administering the infant formulas during the first 2-4 months of life, preferably as a sole source of nutrition.

Abstract: Disclosed are infant formulas comprising, on an as-fed basis (A) at least about 5 mg/L of gangliosides, (B) at least about 150 mg/L of phospholipids, (C) lactoferrin, and (D) at least about 70 mg/L of sialic acid, with at least about 2.5% by weight of the sialic acid as lipid-bound sialic acid. From about 50% to 100% by weight of each of the gangliosides, phospholipids, lactoferrin, and sialic acid is provided by an enriched whey protein concentrate, with the concentrate representing at least about 6.5 g/L of the formula on an as-fed basis. Also disclosed are methods of using the formula to reduce the risk of diarrhea infants, and to produce a gut microflora profile similar to that of breast-fed infants.

Abstract: Disclosed are infant formulas comprising fat, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals, including on an as-fed basis, at least about 5 mg/L of gangliosides, at least about 150 mg/L of phospholipids, at least about 70 mg/L of total sialic acid with at least about 2.5% as lipid-bound sialic acid, at least about 0.13% docosahexaenoic acid by weight of total fatty acids, and at least about 0.25% arachidonic acid by weight of total fatty acids. Also disclosed are methods of accelerating brain development, neural migration, and cognitive development in an infant by administering the infant formulas during the first 2-4 months of life, preferably as a sole source of nutrition.

Abstract: Disclosed are infant formulas comprising fat, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals, including on an as-fed basis (A) at least about 5 mg/L of gangliosides, (B) at least about 150 mg/L of phospholipids, and (C) lactoferrin, and (D) at least about 70 mg/L of sialic acid, with at least about 2.5% by weight of the sialic acid as lipid-bound sialic acid. Also disclosed are methods of using the formula to reduce the risk of diarrhea infants, and to produce a gut microflora profile similar to that of breast-fed infants.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to monovalent oligosaccharides and their use, for example, in the treatment and prevention of mammalian disease caused by HIV-1 virus infections. In particular, the oligosaccharides globotriose and lactose may be used alone or in combination to competitively inhibit the formation of the viral fusion complex that occurs upon infection.

Abstract: A wavefront aberration of an eye is determined, e.g., in real time. The eye is illuminated, and the light reflected from the retina is converted into spots with a device such as a Hartmann-Shack detector. The displacement of each spot from where it would be in the absence of aberration allows calculation of the aberration. Each spot is located by an iterative technique in which a corresponding centroid is located in a box drawn on the image data, a smaller box is defined around the centroid, the centroid is located in the smaller box, and so on. The wavefront aberration is calculated from the centroid locations by using a matrix in which unusable data can be eliminated simply by eliminating rows of the matrix. Aberrations for different pupil sizes are handled in data taken for a single pupil size by renormalization.

Abstract: A wavefront aberration of an eye is determined, e.g., in real time. The eye is illuminated, and the light reflected from the retina is converted into spots with a device such as a Hartmann-Shack detector. The displacement of each spot from where it would be in the absence of aberration allows calculation of the aberration. Each spot is located by an iterative technique in which a corresponding centroid is located in a box drawn on the image data, a smaller box is defined around the centroid, the centroid is located in the smaller box, and so on. The wavefront aberration is calculated from the centroid locations by using a matrix in which unusable data can be eliminated simply by eliminating rows of the matrix. Aberrations for different pupil sizes are handled in data taken for a single pupil size by renormalization.