Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of providing a structure having two electrodes connected by nanowires, exposing the structure to an analyte that can adsorb onto the nanowires, and passing an electrical current through the nanowires to heat the nanowires to desorb the analyte. Also disclosed herein is an apparatus having the above structure; a current source electrically connected to the electrodes, and a detector to detect the analyte.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of providing a structure having two electrodes connected by nanowires, exposing the structure to an analyte that can adsorb onto the nanowires, and passing an electrical current through the nanowires to heat the nanowires to desorb the analyte. Also disclosed herein is an apparatus having the above structure; a current source electrically connected to the electrodes, and a detector to detect the analyte.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of providing a structure having two electrodes connected by nanowires, exposing the structure to an analyte that can adsorb onto the nanowires, and passing an electrical current through the nanowires to heat the nanowires to desorb the analyte. Also disclosed herein is an apparatus having the above structure; a current source electrically connected to the electrodes, and a detector to detect the analyte.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a structure having: a support, a plurality of nanowires perpendicular to the support, and an electrode in contact with a first end of each nanowire. Each nanowire has a second end in contact with the support. The electrode contains a plurality of perforations. The electrode contains a plurality of perforations. Also disclosed herein is a method of: providing the above support and nanowires; depositing a layer of a filler material that covers a portion of each nanowire and leaves a first end of each nanowire exposed; depositing a plurality of nanoparticles onto the filler material; depositing an electrode material on the nanoparticles, the ends of the nanowires, and any exposed filler material; and removing the nanoparticles and filler material to form an electrode in contact with the first end of each nanowire; wherein the electrode contains a plurality of perforations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of providing a structure having two electrodes connected by nanowires, exposing the structure to an analyte that can adsorb onto the nanowires, and passing an electrical current through the nanowires to heat the nanowires to desorb the analyte. Also disclosed herein is an apparatus having the above structure; a current source electrically connected to the electrodes, and a detector to detect the analyte.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a structure having: a support, a plurality of nanowires perpendicular to the support, and an electrode in contact with a first end of each nanowire. Each nanowire has a second end in contact with the support. The electrode contains a plurality of perforations. The electrode contains a plurality of perforations. Also disclosed herein is a method of: providing the above support and nanowires; depositing a layer of a filler material that covers a portion of each nanowire and leaves a first end of each nanowire exposed; depositing a plurality of nanoparticles onto the filler material; depositing an electrode material on the nanoparticles, the ends of the nanowires, and any exposed filler material; and removing the nanoparticles and filler material to form an electrode in contact with the first end of each nanowire; wherein the electrode contains a plurality of perforations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a structure having: a support, a plurality of nanowires perpendicular to the support, and an electrode in contact with a first end of each nanowire. Each nanowire has a second end in contact with the support. The electrode contains a plurality of perforations. The electrode contains a plurality of perforations. Also disclosed herein is a method of: providing the above support and nanowires; depositing a layer of a filler material that covers a portion of each nanowire and leaves a first end of each nanowire exposed; depositing a plurality of nanoparticles onto the filler material; depositing an electrode material on the nanoparticles, the ends of the nanowires, and any exposed filler material; and removing the nanoparticles and filler material to form an electrode in contact with the first end of each nanowire; wherein the electrode contains a plurality of perforations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a structure having: a support, a plurality of nanowires perpendicular to the support, and an electrode in contact with a first end of each nanowire. Each nanowire has a second end in contact with the support. The electrode contains a plurality of perforations. The electrode contains a plurality of perforations. Also disclosed herein is a method of: providing the above support and nanowires; depositing a layer of a filler material that covers a portion of each nanowire and leaves a first end of each nanowire exposed; depositing a plurality of nanoparticles onto the filler material; depositing an electrode material on the nanoparticles, the ends of the nanowires, and any exposed filler material; and removing the nanoparticles and filler material to form an electrode in contact with the first end of each nanowire; wherein the electrode contains a plurality of perforations.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for modifying oxidizable surfaces, including diamond surfaces, including methods for metallizing these surfaces, where these methods include oxidation of these surfaces. The present invention also relates to the products of these methods. In this process, a surface is first plasma oxidized, usually under an RF O2 plasma. Chemical functional groups are then attached to the surface. If the surface is to be metallized, the chemical functional groups are selected to be catalyzable, the surface is then catalyzed for electroless metallization, and the surface is finally treated with an electroless plating solution to metallize the surface. If modified surface is to be patterned, the modified surface is exposed through a mask to pattern the surface after the attachment of the chemical functional groups.

Abstract: Filamentous substrates are coated with diamond by a chemical vapor deposition process. The substrate may then be etched away to form a diamond filament, such as a diamond tube or a diamond fiber. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate is copper-coated graphite. The copper initially passivates the graphite, permitting diamond nucleation thereon. As deposition continues, the copper-coated graphite is etched away by the active hydrogen used in the deposition process. As a result a substrate-less diamond fiber is formed. Diamond-coated and diamond filaments are useful as reinforcement materials for composites, is filtration media in chemical and purification processes, in biomedical applications as probes and medicinal dispensers, and in such esoteric areas as chaff media for jamming RF frequencies.

Abstract: A process for making diamond and diamond products includes the steps of implanting ions in a diamond substrate to form a damaged layer of non-diamond carbon below the top surface of the substrate, heating the substrate to about 600-1200.degree. C., growing diamond on the top surface of the heated substrate by chemical vapor deposition, and electrochemically etching the damaged layer to separate the grown diamond from the substrate along the damage layer. The diamond product consists of a first diamond layer and a second diamond layer attached to the first layer. The second layer contains damage caused by ions traversing the second layer.

Abstract: Process of smoothing or polishing a diamond surface to reduce asperities reon to a level as low as about 20 nm from the horizontal by implanting the diamond surface with ions to form a non-diamond carbon damage layer on or below the diamond surface below the disparity depth and dissolving the non-diamond carbon by submerging the non-diamond carbon in a liquid having sufficient electric field to dissolve the non-diamond carbon.

Abstract: A process for making diamond and diamond products includes the steps of ianting ions in a diamond substrate to form a damaged layer of non-diamond carbon below the top surface of the substrate, heating the substrate to about 600-1200.degree. C. growing diamond on the top surface of the heated substrate by chemical vapor deposition, and electrochemically etching the damaged layer to separate the grown diamond from the substrate along the damage layer. The diamond product consists of a first diamond layer and a second diamond layer attached to the first layer. The second layer contains damage caused by ions traversing the second layer.

Abstract: Filamentous substrates are coated with diamond by a chemical vapor deposin process. The substrate may then be etched away to form a diamond filament. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate is copper-coated graphite. The copper initially passivates the graphite, permitting diamond nucleation thereon. As deposition continues, the copper-coated graphite is etched away by the active hydrogen used in the deposition process. As a result a substrateless diamond tubule is formed. Diamond-coated and diamond filaments are useful as reinforcement materials for composites, as filtration media in chemical and purification processes, in biomedical applications as probes and medicinal dispensers, and in such esoteric areas as chaff media for jamming RF frequencies.

Abstract: Method for improved photolithography using a laser induced metallization cess to produce a metal mask wherein a work piece surface is treated to have a predetermined pattern of at least two materials each having different electron band gaps, the treated work piece is positioned in a metallizing solution, and the workpiece is exposed to a laser beam having a wavelength corresponding to the electron gap of a selected one of the materials. The method can advantageously be used to produce ohmic contacts for microcircuit devices.