Abstract: The present disclosure provides a structured connector for positioning on, and electrically coupling to, a surface of a device component. The connector has a bottom portion for contacting the surface of the device component and comprises an electrically conductive material. Further the connector has at least one light diverting surface portion that is oriented relative to the surface of the device component such that, in use, light directed at normal incidence relative to the surface of the device component is received by the at least one light diverting surface portion such that the received light is diverted towards an exposed adjacent surface of the device component.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of forming a device structure. The method comprises providing at least one device component having front and rear device component surfaces and having at least one electrically conductive region on at least one of the device component surfaces. The method further comprises providing at least one contact sheet comprising a polymeric material and at least one electrically conductive element that has a non-circular cross-sectional shape and is embedded in the polymeric material in a manner such that a surface portion of the at least one electrically conductive element is exposed. The method also comprises applying a bonding material to either one or both of the exposed surface portion and at least one of the electrically conductive regions on the at least one of the device component surfaces.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of reducing the thermomechanical stress in the silicon solar cells induced in the interconnection process. The front and rear metal electrodes of the solar cell are provided in such a way that the outermost bonding point between the front metal electrodes and the front interconnects (ribbons or wires) is aligned to the outermost bonding point between the rear metal electrodes and the rear interconnects. The method is applicable to busbar-based interconnection using stringing/tabbing process and wire-based interconnection such as Multi-Busbar and smart wire connection technology. The method can be applied to both mono-facial and bifacial solar cells. The reduced-area busbar end in the busbar-based interconnection increases the tolerance of misalignment of the outermost bonding points introduced by the manufacturing processes.

Abstract: A solar cell and a method of forming a contact structure on a solar cell having a p-n junction formed between a first semiconductor region of a first dopant polarity and a second semiconductor region of a second dopant polarity opposite to the first dopant polarity. The method comprises: forming a plurality of contact points on a surface of the solar cell, whereby the contact points provide an electrical connection to the first semiconductor region; and locating a plurality of conducting wires over the solar cell to make electrical connection to the contact points. The contact points are either an exposed silicon surface or a silicon surface over which metal pads are formed. The metal pads may comprise a plated layer of a low-melting temperature metal and/or may have a thickness of less than 5 microns.

Abstract: A solar cell and a method of forming a contact structure on a solar cell having a p-n junction formed between a first semiconductor region of a first dopant polarity and a second semiconductor region of a second dopant polarity opposite to the first dopant polarity. The method comprises: forming a plurality of contact points on a surface of the solar cell, whereby the contact points provide an electrical connection to the first semiconductor region; and locating a plurality of conducting wires over the solar cell to make electrical connection to the contact points. The contact points are either an exposed silicon surface or a silicon surface over which metal pads are formed. The metal pads may comprise a plated layer of a low-melting temperature metal and/or may have a thickness of less than 5 microns.

Abstract: A hybrid circuit for a full-duplex transceiver includes a two-to-four wire ratio converter (50, Z1, Z2) for forwarding a transmitted signal TX? on a transmission line (41) in response to an input signal TX. The ratio converter also produces a signal RXA in response to a received signal RX arriving on the transmission line, wherein signal RXA includes an echo of input signal TX. A passive filter (H1) and a first active filter (H2) each filter input signal TX to generate signals TXA and TXB summed with the RXA signal to form a signal RXB at the input of an amplifier (52, Z3, Z4) producing an output signal RXC. A second active filter (H3) filters input signal TX to generate a signal TXC summed with the RXC signal to produce the output signal RX. The impedance of the passive filter is designed so that when the transmission line has a target impedance, such as the impedance of an ideal twisted pair, the TXA output signal of the passive filter adequately offsets the TX signal echo in RXA.

Abstract: A method and system of canceling radio frequency interference (RFI) sourced from a narrow-band radio frequency transmitter to interfere with the operation of a multi-carrier modulation system. The spectral components of the RFI can be represented as a Taylor series of 1/(m-½) where m is an integer and (m-½) is a normalized approximate distance between the frequency of interest and the center frequency of the RFI. The coefficients of the Taylor series are obtained by solving a set of linear equations using the Fourier output at several properly chosen frequencies where the REI components dominate. The coefficients for the Taylor series are formulated as linear combinations of the FFT output at the chosen frequencies and are computed and stored beforehand. Simple multiplications and additions are needed for obtaining the Taylor series coefficients from the FFT output at the chosen frequencies.

Abstract: The present invention is an ADSL encoder and decoder. Wherein, the ADSL encoder comprises a digital signal processor, a buffer, a bit extractor and a constellation point mapper. The digital signal processor delivers data bits to the buffer, and again the delivered data bits are transmitted to the bit extractor by buffer. Bit extractor shifts partial received data bits to an extracted data. The constellation point mapper processes constellation point mapping operation corresponding to the extracted data based on transmitted bits that a sub-carrier can transmit. The ADSL decoder comprises a constellation decoder, a bit packet component and a buffer. The constellation decoder combines a horizontal axis data and a vertical axis data to packed data depending on constellation decoding procedures. The bit packet component stores extracted data to digital data in sequence, and the digital data is stored by buffer in sequence as well, then transmitted to digital signal processor.

Abstract: A hybrid circuit for a full-duplex transceiver includes a two-to-four wire ratio converter (50, Z1, Z2) for forwarding a transmitted signal TX? on a transmission line (41) in response to an input signal TX. The ratio converter also produces a signal RXA in response to a received signal RX arriving on the transmission line, wherein signal RXA includes an echo of input signal TX. A passive filter (H1) and a first active filter (H2) each filter input signal TX to generate signals TXA and TXB summed with the RXA signal to form a signal RXB at the input of an amplifier (52, Z3, Z4) producing an output signal RXC. A second active filter (H3) filters input signal TX to generate a signal TXC summed with the RXC signal to produce the output signal RX. The impedance of the passive filter is designed so that when the transmission line has a target impedance, such as the impedance of an ideal twisted pair, the TXA output signal of the passive filter adequately offsets the TX signal echo in RXA.

Abstract: A method and system of canceling radio frequency interference (RFI) sourced from a narrow-band radio frequency transmitter to interfere with the operation of a multi-carrier modulation system. The spectral components of the RFI can be represented as a Taylor series of 1/(m?1/2) where m is an integer and (m?1/2) is a normalized approximate distance between the frequency of interest and the center frequency of the RFI. The coefficients of the Taylor series are obtained by solving a set of linear equations using the Fourier output at several properly chosen frequencies where the RFI components dominate. The coefficients for the Taylor series are formulated as linear combinations of the FFT output at the chosen frequencies and are computed and stored beforehand. Simple multiplications and additions are needed for obtaining the Taylor series coefficients from the FFT output at the chosen frequencies.

Abstract: The present invention is an ADSL encoder and decoder. Wherein, the ADSL encoder comprises a digital signal processor, a buffer, a bit extractor and a constellation point mapper. The digital signal processor delivers data bits to the buffer, and again the delivered data bits are transmitted to the bit extractor by buffer. Bit extractor shifts partial received data bits to an extracted data. The constellation point mapper processes constellation point mapping operation corresponding to the extracted data based on transmitted bits that a sub-carrier can transmit. The ADSL decoder comprises a constellation decoder, a bit packet component and a buffer. The constellation decoder combines a horizontal axis data and a vertical axis data to packed data depending on constellation decoding procedures. The bit packet component stores extracted data to digital data in sequence, and the digital data is stored by buffer in sequence as well, then transmitted to digital signal processor.

Abstract: A multi-carrier communication system is disclosed. The multi-carrier communication system includes a transmitting module for generating a first time-domain signal by performing an inversed Fourier transform upon a transmitting data; a receiving module for receiving a second time-domain signal and for generating a decoded data by performing a Fourier transform upon the second time-domain signal; and an echo cancellation unit, coupled to the transmitting module and the receiving module, for generating a reconstructed data according to a plurality of computing coefficients, the decoded data, and the transmit data, and for adjusting the computing coefficients according to the reconstructed data.

Abstract: The present invention is an ADSL encoder and decoder. Wherein, the ADSL encoder comprises a digital signal processor, a buffer, a bit extractor and a constellation point mapper. The digital signal processor delivers data bits to the buffer, and again the delivered data bits are transmitted to the bit extractor by buffer. Bit extractor shifts partial received data bits to an extracted data. The constellation point mapper processes constellation point mapping operation corresponding to the extracted data based on transmitted bits that a sub-carrier can transmit. The ADSL decoder comprises a constellation decoder, a bit packet component and a buffer. The constellation decoder combines a horizontal axis data and a vertical axis data to packed data depending on constellation decoding procedures. The bit packet component stores extracted data to digital data in sequence, and the digital data is stored by buffer in sequence as well, then transmitted to digital signal processor.

Abstract: A data processing method of fast Fourier transform/inverse Fourier transform (FFT/IFFT) performed by a FFT/IFFT processor for used in a communication system is also disclosed. The FFT/IFFT processor includes a plurality of butterfly addition (BF) stages, the data includes a plurality of points, and each point includes a sign bit, at least one integral bit, and a plurality of decimal bits. The method comprises the steps of determining an overflow may occur in which of the BF stages when performing butterfly addition on the points of the data through detecting a preamble signal; and reserving one of the decimal bits of each point of the data to be an additional integral bit before performing the butterfly addition by the BF stage in which the overflow may occur.

Abstract: The present invention provides sequential feedback Header Error Correction (HEC) checking method and circuit for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). With design of hardware circuit, the present invention of sequential feedback Header Error Correction (HEC) checking method and circuit will allocate the cell boundary in ATM communication, and meanwhile control the state switching among three operation for cell delineation logic, i.e., HUNT, PRESYNC and SYNC.

Abstract: The present invention is an ADSL encoder and decoder. Wherein, the ADSL encoder comprises a digital signal processor, a buffer, a bit extractor and a constellation point mapper. The digital signal processor delivers data bits to the buffer, and again the delivered data bits are transmitted to the bit extractor by buffer. Bit extractor shifts partial received data bits to an extracted data. The constellation point mapper processes constellation point mapping operation corresponding to the extracted data based on transmitted bits that a sub-carrier can transmit. The ADSL decoder comprises a constellation decoder, a bit packet component and a buffer. The constellation decoder combines a horizontal axis data and a vertical axis data to packed data depending on constellation decoding procedures. The bit packet component stores extracted data to digital data in sequence, and the digital data is stored by buffer in sequence as well, then transmitted to digital signal processor.