Abstract: A memory circuit includes a bias voltage generator including a bias voltage node, an activation voltage generator including a resistive device, and a first amplifier, a drive circuit including a second amplifier including an input terminal coupled to the bias voltage node, and a resistive random-access memory (RRAM) array. The activation voltage generator and the first amplifier are configured to generate a portion of a bias voltage level on the bias voltage node based on a resistance of the resistive device, and the drive circuit is configured to output a drive voltage having the bias voltage level to the RRAM array.

Abstract: The disclosed invention presents a self-tracking reference circuit that compensates for IR drops and achieves the target resistance state at different temperatures after write operations. The disclosed self-tracking reference circuit includes a replica access path, a configurable resistor network, a replica selector mini-array and a step current generator that track PVT variations to provide a PVT tracking level for RRAM verify operation.

Abstract: A resistive random-access memory (RRAM) circuit includes an RRAM device configured to output a cell current responsive to a bit line voltage, and a current limiter including an input terminal coupled to the RRAM device, first and second parallel current paths configured to conduct the cell current between the input terminal and a reference voltage node, and an amplifier configured to generate a first signal responsive to a voltage level at the input terminal and a reference voltage level. Each of the first and second current paths includes a switching device configured to selectively conduct a portion of the cell current responsive to the first signal.

Abstract: A pellicle for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photomask includes a pellicle frame and a main membrane attached to the pellicle frame. The main membrane includes a plurality of nanotubes, and each of the plurality of nanotubes is covered by a coating layer containing Si and one or more metal elements.

Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels formed from organic light-emitting diodes and thin-film transistor circuitry. Each pixel may include organic layers interposed between an anode and a cathode. The organic layers may emit out-coupled light that escapes the display and waveguided light that is waveguided within the organic layers. A reflector may be placed at the edge of the organic layers to reflect the waveguided light out of the display. The reflector may be located within a pixel definition layer and may be formed from metal or may be formed from one or more interfaces between high-refractive-index material and low-refractive-index material. The reflector may be formed from an extended portion of the pixel anode. The reflector may be formed from light-reflecting particles that are suspended in the pixel definition layer.

Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels formed from organic light-emitting diodes and thin-film transistor circuitry. Each pixel may include organic layers interposed between an anode and a cathode. The organic layers may emit out-coupled light that escapes the display and waveguided light that is waveguided within the organic layers. A reflector may be placed at the edge of the organic layers to reflect the waveguided light out of the display. The reflector may be located within a pixel definition layer and may be formed from metal or may be formed from one or more interfaces between high-refractive-index material and low-refractive-index material, The reflector may be formed from an extended portion of the pixel anode. The reflector may be formed from light-reflecting particles that are suspended in the pixel definition layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence display panel that includes a plurality of first pixel areas, a plurality of second pixel areas, and a plurality of third pixel areas is provided. The organic electroluminescence display panel includes a first electrode layer, an organic layer including a light-emitting layer made of organic light-emitting material and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a reflective material. The organic layer is located on the first electrode layer. The second electrode layer is located on the organic layer. The material of the second electrode layer includes a transparent metal oxide conductive material. The thickness of the second electrode layer is a single thickness and is greater than 300 nm.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence display panel that includes a plurality of first pixel areas, a plurality of second pixel areas, and a plurality of third pixel areas is provided. The organic electroluminescence display panel includes a first electrode layer, an organic layer including a light-emitting layer made of organic light-emitting material and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a reflective material. The organic layer is located on the first electrode layer. The second electrode layer is located on the organic layer. The material of the second electrode layer includes a transparent metal oxide conductive material. The thickness of the second electrode layer is a single thickness and is greater than 300 nm.

Abstract: A portable ultraviolet (UV) germicidal lamp is disclosed, which is characterized by a safety switch configured inside a housing of the UV germicidal lamp that is electrically connected to a control circuit for controlling the UV germicidal lamp to be turned on and directing the same to emanate a UV ray downwardly while the UV germicidal lamp is positioned at a normal condition, and controlling the UV germicidal lamp to be turned off as the safety switch is being activated while the housing of the UV germicidal lamp is inclined by a specific angle and thus preventing the UV ray from shining upward.