Abstract: The invention provides a self-organized quantum dot semiconductor structure. The quantum dot semiconductor structure includes: a conductive ridge on a substrate; an insulative layer covering the substrate and the conductive ridge, wherein the insulative layer includes a top portion and two sidewalls over the conductive ridge; a semiconductor mechanism of etching back and thermal oxidation, implemented on a semiconductor-alloyed layer set on the insulative layer; a plurality of quantum dots respectively embedded within a plurality of silicon dioxide spacer islands based on the semiconductor mechanism, the quantum dots and the silicon dioxide spacer islands adhered to the sidewalls of the insulative layer; and a plurality of conductive ledges adhered to the silicon dioxide spacer islands, wherein each of the conductive ledges is a portion of an electrode self-alignment to the quantum dot.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for treating a demyelinating condition, in particular, by administering a combination comprising therapeutically effective amounts of a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, and a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activator to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: A charger comprises a housing, a first multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB), a second multi-layer PCB, and a third multi-layer PCB. The first PCB comprises at least a portion of a primary side circuit. The second PCB comprises at least a portion of a secondary side circuit. The third PCB is perpendicular to the first PCB and the second PCB. An isolation coupling element is disposed on the third PCB. The isolation coupling element comprises a multi-layer PCB. The first PCB comprises a high voltage (HV) semiconductor package. A surface of a die paddle of the HV semiconductor package is exposed from a molding encapsulation of the HV semiconductor package.

Abstract: A voltage converter comprises a second controller as a power switch of the secondary side of the transformer for comparing a detection voltage representing an output voltage and/or load current with a first reference voltage and generating a control signal, and a coupling element for transmitting the control signal generated by the second controller to the first controller on the primary side of the transformer enabling the first controller to generate a first pulse signal driving the power switch to control the on/off state of the primary side winding.

Abstract: A charger comprises a housing, a first multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB), a second multi-layer PCB, and a third multi-layer PCB. The first PCB comprises at least a portion of a primary side circuit. The second PCB comprises at least a portion of a secondary side circuit. The third PCB is perpendicular to the first PCB and the second PCB. An isolation coupling element is disposed on the third PCB. The isolation coupling element comprises a multi-layer PCB. The first PCB comprises a high voltage (HV) semiconductor package. A surface of a die paddle of the HV semiconductor package is exposed from a molding encapsulation of the HV semiconductor package.

Abstract: A charger comprises a housing, a first multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB), a second multi-layer PCB, and a third multi-layer PCB. The first PCB comprises at least a portion of a primary side circuit. The second PCB comprises at least a portion of a secondary side circuit. The third PCB is perpendicular to the first PCB and the second PCB. An isolation coupling element is disposed on the third PCB. The isolation coupling element comprises a multi-layer PCB. The first PCB comprises a high voltage (HV) semiconductor package. A surface of a die paddle of the HV semiconductor package is exposed from a molding encapsulation of the HV semiconductor package.

Abstract: A constant on-time isolated converter comprises a transformer with a primary side and a secondary side. The primary side is connected to an electronic switch and secondary-side is connected to a load and a processor. The processor is connected to a driver on primary side through at least one coupling element and to the electronic switch. The processor receives an output voltage or an output current across the load generating a control signal accordingly. The driver receives the control signal through the coupling element and accordingly changes the ON/OFF state of the electronic switch, regulating the output voltage and the output current via the transformer, where the duration of the ON/OFF state of the electronic switch is determined between the moment control signal changes from negative to positive and the moment it changes from positive to negative to achieve a high-speed load transient response.

Abstract: A charger comprises a housing, a first multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB), a second multi-layer PCB, and a third multi-layer PCB. The first PCB comprises at least a portion of a primary side circuit. The second PCB comprises at least a portion of a secondary side circuit. The third PCB is perpendicular to the first PCB and the second PCB. An isolation coupling element is disposed on the third PCB. The isolation coupling element comprises a multi-layer PCB. The first PCB comprises a high voltage (HV) semiconductor package. A surface of a die paddle of the HV semiconductor package is exposed from a molding encapsulation of the HV semiconductor package.

Abstract: A constant on-time isolated converter comprises a transformer with a primary side and a secondary side. The primary side is connected to an electronic switch and secondary-side is connected to a load and a processor. The processor is connected to a driver on primary side through at least one coupling element and to the electronic switch. The processor receives an output voltage or an output current across the load generating a control signal accordingly. The driver receives the control signal through the coupling element and accordingly changes the ON/OFF state of the electronic switch, regulating the output voltage and the output current via the transformer, where the duration of the ON/OFF state of the electronic switch is determined between the moment control signal changes from negative to positive and the moment it changes from positive to negative to achieve a high-speed load transient response.

Abstract: A power conversion system and a method for voltage change detection, specifically, relates to a detection circuit implemented in the AC-DC power converter, detect the voltage change. The AC input voltage is rectified to convert into a DC input voltage transmitted to a detection unit generating a detection voltage signal at different logical states corresponding to the input voltage changes. A charge current source unit is used for charging the capacitor when the detection voltage signal is in a second state and a discharge current source unit is used for discharging the capacitor when the detection voltage signal is in a first state. A primary comparator compares the voltage changes of the capacitor in the alternating charge and discharge processes with a critical zero potential and outputs a detection signal identifying the changing trend of the input voltage.

Abstract: A constant on-time isolated converter comprising a transformer is disclosed. The transformer primary side connects to an electronic switch and secondary-side connects to a load and a processor. The processor connects to a driver on primary side through at least one coupling element and to the electronic switch. The processor receives an output voltage or an output current across the load generating a control signal. The driver receives control signal through the coupling element and accordingly changes the electronic switch ON/OFF state, regulating output voltage and current via the transformer, where the electronic switch ON/OFF duration is determined between the moment control signal changes from negative to positive and the moment it changes from positive to negative to achieve a high-speed response to load transient.

Abstract: A voltage converter comprises a second controller as a power switch of the secondary side of the transformer for comparing a detection voltage representing an output voltage and/or load current with a first reference voltage and generating a control signal, and a coupling element for transmitting the control signal generated by the second controller to the first controller on the primary side of the transformer enabling the first controller to generate a first pulse signal driving the power switch to control the on/off state of the primary side winding.

Abstract: A voltage converter comprises a second controller as a power switch of the secondary side of the transformer for comparing a detection voltage representing an output voltage and/or load current with a first reference voltage and generating a control signal, and a coupling element for transmitting the control signal generated by the second controller to the first controller on the primary side of the transformer enabling the first controller to generate a first pulse signal driving the power switch to control the on/off state of the primary side winding.

Abstract: A voltage converter comprises a second controller as a power switch of the secondary side of the transformer for comparing a detection voltage representing an output voltage and/or load current with a first reference voltage and generating a control signal, and a coupling element for transmitting the control signal generated by the second controller to the first controller on the primary side of the transformer enabling the first controller to generate a first pulse signal driving the power switch to control the on/off state of the primary side winding.

Abstract: An output current calculating circuit for a flyback converter operating under CCM and DCM is disclosed. The off current value IOFF and the blanking current value ILEB flowing through a sensing resistor are calculated using a detection module and are summed together using a current summing unit. A voltage converted from the sum value of the off current value IOFF and the blanking current value ILEB is transmitted through an output stage in a predetermined time ratio of a cycle with the duty cycle determined by a logic control unit, in which the logic control unit controls the output stage to receive the voltage converted from sum current in a predetermined time period of each cycle, and prevents the output stage to receive the voltage converted from sum current in the remaining time other than such predetermined time period of each cycle.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a constant on-time isolated converter comprising a transformer with a primary side and a secondary side. The primary side is connected to an electronic switch and secondary-side is connected to a load and a processor. The processor is connected to a driver on primary side through at least one coupling element and to the electronic switch. The processor receives an output voltage or an output current across the load generating a control signal accordingly. The driver receives the control signal through the coupling element and accordingly changes the ON/OFF state of the electronic switch, regulating the output voltage and the output current via the transformer, where the duration of the ON/OFF state of the electronic switch is determined between the moment control signal changes from negative to positive and the moment it changes from positive to negative to achieve a high-speed load transient response.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a power supply device for voltage converter, which includes a master switch, a first controller for generating a first pulse signal to drive the master switch to be turned on and turned off, a second controller for comparing a detection voltage representing an output voltage and/or load current with a first reference voltage to determine the logic state of a control signal generated by the second controller, and a coupling element connected between the first controller and the second controller for transmitting the logic state of the control signal to the first controller and enabling the first controller to determine the logic state of the first pulse signal according to the logic state of the control signal. The second controller includes a driving module for generating a second control signal to drive a synchronous switch to be turned on and turned off.

Abstract: A circuit and a method for evaluating a load condition in a flyback converter are disclosed. A first current source is used for providing a preset current ISUM equal to a sum of the off current value IOFF and the blanking current value ILEB to charge a first capacitor, and a second current source is used for providing a reference current IREF to charge a second capacitor. A comparator receives a voltage applied on the first capacitor at its positive input end and a voltage applied on the second capacitor at its negative input end. The output current transmitted to the load by the flyback converter is varied to the change of the preset current ISUM, as such the load condition is detected by the comparison result generated by the comparator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to power conversion systems, specifically, it relates to a device for detecting the DC voltage rectified from the AC power supply voltage in an AC-DC converter, primarily used to determine whether the DC input voltage is under a brown-out level and to monitor whether the AC power supply is removed and to discharge the residue DC voltage generated in a high frequency filter capacitor, which is used to filter high frequency noise signals of the AC power supply, during the removal of the AC power.

Abstract: A control circuit and the control method for controlling the current voltage converter of a power conversion system in the start-up phase are disclosed. A first voltage is applied to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator and a reference voltage is applied to the inverting input terminal of the comparator. When the first voltage exceeds the reference voltage, the comparison result from the comparator triggers the frequency of the clock signal generated by the oscillator to reduce preventing the primary current flowing through the primary winding of the transformer exceeding a pre-set value.