Abstract: A flexible circuit board designed for chip integration is provided. The flexible circuit board includes an insulating substrate, a conductive copper layer, a first tin layer, a second tin layer, and a first solder resist layer. The first tin layer has a first tin thickness, and the second tin layer has a greater second tin thickness. A first tin surface of the first tin layer and a second tin surface of the second tin layer are substantially level.

Abstract: A flexible circuit board includes a flexible substrate, an electronic component and a heat spreader. The electronic component and the heat spreader are disposed on a top surface and a bottom surface of the flexible substrate, respectively. The heat spreader includes a copper layer which contains more than or equal to 50% copper grains by volume with (1,0,0) crystallographic orientation.

Abstract: A novel amorphous divalent metal ion salt for enhancing the manageability of a Portland cement and its application in dental field are disclosed. Typical formula (I), (II), or (III) of this amorphous metal ion salt are shown as following: M 2 + ? A x - ? B 2 - x - ( I ) M 2 + ? A y 2 - ? C ( 4 - y ) 4 2 - ( II ) M 2 + ? A z 3 - ? D ( 6 - z ) 9 3 - ( III ) wherein, M2+, A?, B?, C?2, D?3, x, y, and z are defined the same as the specification. A novel tooth filling material comprises: a Portland cement, a bone substitute substance, and an amorphous divalent metal ion salt with formula of (I), (II), or (III). In addition, a novel root canal filling material comprises: a Portland cement, a radiopaque substance, and an amorphous divalent metal ion salt with formula of (I), (II), or (III).

Abstract: A novel amorphous divalent metal ion salt for enhancing the manageability of a Portland cement and its application in dental field are disclosed. Typical formula (I), (II), or (III) of this amorphous metal ion salt are shown as following: M 2 + ? A x - ? B 2 - x - ( I ) M 2 + ? A y 2 - ? C ( 4 - y ) 4 2 - ( II ) M 2 + ? A z 3 - ? D ( 6 - z ) 9 3 - ( III ) wherein, M2+, A?, B?, C?2, D?3, x, y, and z are defined the same as the specification. A novel tooth filling material comprises: a Portland cement, a bone substitute substance, and an amorphous divalent metal ion salt with formula of (I), (II), or (III). In addition, a novel root canal filling material comprises: a Portland cement, a radiopaque substance, and an amorphous divalent metal ion salt with formula of (I), (II), or (III).

Abstract: A method for fabricating a cylindrical capacitor is provided. This invention uses a composite structure composed of stacked barrier/scarificing/mask layers to prevent the contact plug of the capacitor from being attacked by wet etchants. An insulating layer is formed over a substrate having a source region, a drain region, and a gate electrode. Then a barrier layer, a sacrificing layer and a mask layer are sequentially formed over the insulating layer. Next, a contact hole is formed over the source region and spacers are formed on the sidewalls of the contact hole. After a storage electrode of the capacitor is formed and exposed portions of the mask layer are removed, the sacrificing layer is isotropically etched using the spacers and the barrier layer as stopping layers. Thereafter, a capacitor dielectric layer and an opposite electrode are formed over the storage electrode thereby completing the capacitor.