Abstract: A one-way damping structure (1), comprising a spring (11), a drive element (12) and a friction force generation member, the spring (11) and the drive element (12) being connected such that the spring (11) is driven by means of the drive element (12); the spring (11) comprises a fixing portion (111), a connecting portion (112) and an annular portion (113), the connecting portion (112) being located between the fixing portion (111) and the annular portion (113) and connecting the fixing portion (111) to the annular portion (113), and the fixing portion (111) being fixed; and the annular portion (113) comprises at least half a turn for defining a spring opening which spirally extends in the circumferential direction, and slides relative to the friction force generation member so as to generate friction torque. Also disclosed is an adjusting assembly which comprises the described one-way damping structure (1).