Abstract: Provided are methods for recovering calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) from an aqueous solution containing Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. The method includes: introducing the aqueous solution into an electrochemical cell having a chamber with a photoactive cathode and an anode therein; and then performing process (a) and process (b). Process (a) entails introducing a source of (bi) carbonate anion into the cell, providing a voltage across the cell, resulting in a process (a) water reduction reaction at the cathode, and precipitating solid CaCO3 from the solution, facilitated by hydroxide ions generated from the process (a) water reduction reaction. Process (b) entails providing a voltage across the cell, resulting in a process (b) water reduction reaction at the cathode, and precipitating solid Mg(OH)2 from the solution, facilitated by hydroxide ions generated from the process (b) water reduction reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical to the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 1-4, oligomers thereof, and uses thereof.

Abstract: De novo designed multi-pass transmembrane polypeptides are described, that include 2 or more transmembrane domains that are each between 15 and 35 amino acids in length, include one or more polar residues, and include at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or more hydrophobic amino acid residues.