Abstract: A method includes the following operations: identifying a layer of a first layout based on a first violation generated on the layer; generating a metal density value associated with the layer; when the metal density value is larger than or equal to a preset value, classifying the first violation into a first class corresponding to routing congestions of the first layout; when the first violation is classified into the first class, assigning, to the first violation, a first operation of a plurality of first pre-stored operations corresponding to the first class; and performing the first operation to the first layout to generate a second layout.

Abstract: A method includes the following operations: receiving design rule violations of a first layout; classifying, according to first chip features of the first layout, a first violation of the design rule violations into a first class of predefined classes; generating a first vector array for at least one of the first chip features of the first layout, that is associated with the first violation; selecting, according to the first vector array, first operations from pre-stored operations; generating a second layout based on the first layout and the first operations.

Abstract: A method includes the following operations: receiving design rule violations of a first layout; classifying, according to first chip features of the first layout, a first violation of the design rule violations into a first class of predefined classes; generating a first vector array for at least one of the first chip features of the first layout, that is associated with the first violation; selecting, according to the first vector array, first operations from pre-stored operations; generating a second layout based on the first layout and the first operations.

Abstract: An improved method for manufacturing tube and fin heat exchangers that, according to a preferred embodiment, includes a process for increasing the stiffness and rigidity of heat exchanger fins. Stiffer fins have a greater tendency to maintain proper alignment within a stack of fins, which aids in lacing long stacks of fins with small (e.g., 5 mm) diameter tubing. Preferably, fin stiffness is increased by forming a plurality of longitudinal ribs within the fin during the fin stamping process. More preferably still, two ribs for each longitudinal row of collared holes are provided. The preferred embodiment also includes a slotted heat exchanger fin that is dimensioned and arranged for optimized thermodynamic performance when used with small diameter tubing, thus reducing the space required for a given heat exchanger system.