Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphoramidate prodrugs of nucleoside derivatives for the treatment of viral infections in mammals, which is a compound, its stereoisomer, salt (acid or basic addition salt), hydrate, solvate, or crystalline form thereof, represented by the following structure: Also disclosed are methods of treatment, uses, and processes for preparing each of which utilize the compound represented by formula I.

Abstract: In a particular aspect, an apparatus includes a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell including a pair of cross coupled inverters including a first inverter and a second inverter. The first inverter includes a first transistor coupled to a first node and a second transistor coupled to the first node. The second inverter includes a third transistor coupled to a second node and a fourth transistor coupled to the second node. The MRAM cell includes a first magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element coupled to the second transistor and a second MTJ element coupled to the fourth transistor. The apparatus further includes a voltage initialization circuit coupled to the MRAM cell. The voltage initialization circuit is configured to substantially equalize voltages of the first node and the second node in response to an initialization signal.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) including a free layer. The apparatus includes a spin orbit torque metal layer coupled to the perpendicular MTJ and configured to change a magnetization state of the free layer responsive to flow of a current along the spin orbit torque metal layer. The apparatus includes a random number generator configured to generate a random number at least partially based on a state of the perpendicular MTJ.

Abstract: The present invention provides (i) processes for preparing a 2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro-2?-methyl-D-ribonolactone derivatives, (ii) conversion of intermediate lactones to nucleosides with potent anti-HCV activity, and their analogues, and (iii) methods to prepare the anti-HCV nucleosides containing the 2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro-2?-C-methyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl nucleosides from a preformed, preferably naturally-occurring, nucleoside.

Abstract: Compounds having the following formula (I) and methods of their use and preparation are disclosed:

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleoside phosphoramidates and their use as agents for treating viral diseases. These compounds are inhibitors of RNA-dependent 5 RNA viral replication and are useful as inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase, as inhibitors of HCV replication and for treatment of hepatitis C infection in mammals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphoramidate prodrugs of nucleoside derivatives for the treatment of viral infections in mammals, which is a compound, its stereoisomer, salt (acid or basic addition salt), hydrate, solvate, or crystalline form thereof, represented by the following structure: Also disclosed are methods of treatment, uses, and processes for preparing each of which utilize the compound represented by formula I.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein are related to contactless data communication. Related systems and methods for contactless data communication are disclosed herein. For example, a magnetic field-based contactless transmitter is disclosed that includes a substrate, a pair of dipole coils disposed on the substrate, and a drive circuit electrically coupled to the pair of dipole coils. To transmit data to a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) receiver disposed on a second substrate, the drive circuit is configured to drive the pair of dipole coils so as to generate a magnetic field in-plane to the MTJ receiver. Data can be transmitted from the magnetic field-based contactless transmitter to the MTJ receiver using the magnetic field.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes switched capacitor transmitter circuits and methods. In one embodiment, the present disclosure includes a plurality of switched capacitor transmitter circuits coupled to inputs of an inductive network. The inductive network combines voltages from the switched capacitor transmitter circuits to produce a combined voltage on an output. In another embodiment, a digital data signal is thermometer encoded and a negative thermo-encoded signal is bit order reversed to control capacitors in a switched capacitor transmitter circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes switched capacitor transmitter circuits and methods. In one embodiment, a digital data signal is thermometer encoded and a negative thermo-encoded signal is bit order reversed to control capacitors in a switched capacitor transmitter circuit. In another embodiment, the present disclosure includes a plurality of switched capacitor transmitter circuits coupled to inputs of an inductive network. The inductive network combines voltages from the switched capacitor transmitter circuits to produce a combined voltage on an output.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleoside phosphoramidates and their use as agents for treating viral diseases. These compounds are inhibitors of RNA-dependent RNA viral replication and are useful as inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase, as inhibitors of HCV replication and for treatment of hepatitis C infection in mammals.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein are related to contactless data communication. Related systems and methods for contactless data communication are disclosed herein. For example, a magnetic field-based contactless transmitter is disclosed that includes a substrate, a pair of dipole coils disposed on the substrate, and a drive circuit electrically coupled to the pair of dipole coils. To transmit data to a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) receiver disposed on a second substrate, the drive circuit is configured to drive the pair of dipole coils so as to generate a magnetic field in-plane to the MTJ receiver. Data can be transmitted from the magnetic field-based contactless transmitter to the MTJ receiver using the magnetic field.

Abstract: Compounds having the following formula (I) and methods of their use and preparation are disclosed:

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleoside phosphoramidates and their use as agents for treating viral diseases. These compounds are inhibitors of RNA-dependent RNA viral replication and are useful as inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase, as inhibitors of HCV replication and for treatment of hepatitis C infection in mammals.

Abstract: The present invention provides (i) processes for preparing a 2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro-2?-methyl-D-ribonolactone derivatives, (ii) conversion of intermediate lactones to nucleosides with potent anti-HCV activity, and their analogues, and (iii) methods to prepare the anti-HCV nucleosides containing the 2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro-2?-C-methyl-B-D-ribofuranosyl nucleosides from a preformed, preferably naturally-occurring, nucleoside.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes switched capacitor transmitter circuits and methods. In one embodiment, the present disclosure includes a plurality of switched capacitor transmitter circuits coupled to inputs of an inductive network. The inductive network combines voltages from the switched capacitor transmitter circuits to produce a combined voltage on an output. In another embodiment, a digital data signal is thermometer encoded and a negative thermo-encoded signal is bit order reversed to control capacitors in a switched capacitor transmitter circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes switched capacitor transmitter circuits and methods. In one embodiment, a digital data signal is thermometer encoded and a negative thermo-encoded signal is bit order reversed to control capacitors in a switched capacitor transmitter circuit. In another embodiment, the present disclosure includes a plurality of switched capacitor transmitter circuits coupled to inputs of an inductive network. The inductive network combines voltages from the switched capacitor transmitter circuits to produce a combined voltage on an output.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleoside phosphoramidates and their use as agents for treating viral diseases. These compounds are inhibitors of RNA-dependent 5 RNA viral replication and are useful as inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase, as inhibitors of HCV replication and for treatment of hepatitis C infection in mammals.

Abstract: Compounds having the following formula (I) and methods of their use and preparation are disclosed:

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating random binary sequences from a physical entropy source having a state A and a state B by detecting whether the physical entropy source is in the state A or in the state B, attempting to shift the state of the physical entropy source to the opposite state in a probabilistic manner with less than 100% certainty, and producing one of four outputs based on the detected state and the state of the physical entropy source before the attempted shift. The outputs are placed in first and second queues and extracted in pairs from each queue. Random binary bits are output based on the sequences extracted from each queue.