Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a hydrocarbons product from plastic containing material, wherein the plastic containing material is subjected into a pyrolysis reactor, steam is fed into the pyrolysis reactor, and the plastic containing material is pyrolyzed in the presence of the steam by using a catalytic pyrolysis with a mildly acidic catalyst comprising at least aluminium oxide, aluminium silicate, zirconium oxide or their combinations to convert the plastic containing material to the hydrocarbon product comprising wax. Further, the invention relates to the use of the product obtained by the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming a porous structure with a catalyst, wherein an organic space holder material is coated with at least one catalytic material to form a coated organic space holder material, the coated organic space holder material is mixed with a carrier material to form a mixture, and the organic space holder material is removed and the mixture in sintered to form the porous structure with the catalyst. Further, the invention relates to the porous structure and use of the porous structure obtained by the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a product gas from a feed comprising at least carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrocarbons. The feed is supplied to a reactor comprising a catalyst, the catalyst is heated electrically, the feed is supplied through the catalyst and a reaction is performed at least between carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) in the presence of the catalyst in the reactor, and the product gas comprising at least carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) is formed in the reactor. Further, the invention relates to the use of the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor and a method for producing a product, wherein the reactor comprises an inner part which is formed at least in part from a porous material comprising a catalyst and in which at least one reactant is arranged to flow into the inner part and after that through the porous material to form a product, a shell structure which surrounds the inner part, a space between the inner part and the shell structure in which the product formed from the reactant in the porous material is arranged to flow out from the reactor, and a heating device for heating electrically the porous material. Further, the invention relates to the use of the reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying gas where gas is treated in a multistage treatment having at least two ejector stages, a motive medium including liquid, steam or gaseous agent at high pressure injected by an ejector of the ejector stage, and the gas is sucked into the same ejector and mixed with the motive medium for forming a mixture, at least a part of gas and/or liquid phase of the mixture is supplied to a second ejector stage having so that a second motive medium which includes liquid, steam or gaseous agent is injected to the ejector and the gas and/or the liquid phase is sucked into the same ejector in which the gas and/or liquid phase is mixed with the second motive medium for forming a second mixture, at least one of the mixtures includes an additive for removing impurities of the gas, and a purified gas is formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from plastic containing material, wherein the plastic containing material (1) is subjected into a pyrolysis reactor (2), steam (3) is fed into the pyrolysis reactor, and the plastic containing material is pyrolyzed with the steam by using a catalytic pyrolysis with a basic catalyst to convert the plastic containing material to a product (4) comprising hydrocarbons. Further, the invention relates to the use of the product obtained by the method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for purifying gas where gas is treated in a multistage treatment having at least two ejector stages, a motive medium including liquid, steam or gaseous agent at high pressure injected by an ejector of the ejector stage, and the gas is sucked into the same ejector and mixed with the motive medium for forming a mixture, at least a part of gas and/or liquid phase of the mixture is supplied to a second ejector stage having so that a second motive medium which includes liquid, steam or gaseous agent is injected to the ejector and the gas and/or the liquid phase is sucked into the same ejector in which the gas and/or liquid phase is mixed with the second motive medium for forming a second mixture, at least one of the mixtures includes an additive for removing impurities of the gas, and a purified gas is formed.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for forming hydrocarbons. A feed which includes at least carbon dioxide supplied to a reactor having two catalysts, which are a Fe-based catalyst and a Co-based catalyst, and the catalysts are arranged inside the same reactor, and hydrogen is fed into the reactor. The feed is arranged to flow through the reactor and arranged to contact with the hydrogen and the catalysts in the reactor, and the feed is treated by two reaction steps wherein carbon monoxide is formed from the carbon dioxide and hydrogen and wherein hydrocarbons are formed from the carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the reactor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing carbon monoxide, wherein the carbon monoxide is formed from a gaseous feed which includes at least carbon dioxide. The method includes supplying oxygen to a carbon dioxide stream for forming a carbon dioxide based mixture, supplying the carbon dioxide based mixture to a hydrogen based stream to form the gaseous feed, supplying a hydrocarbon containing stream to the hydrogen based stream before the supply of the carbon dioxide based mixture, feeding the gaseous feed into a reactor which includes at least one catalyst, treating the gaseous feed by partial oxidation in the reactor so that carbon dioxide reacts with hydrogen in the reactor in presence of oxygen and heat is formed during the reaction, and recovering a product composition including at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the reactor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for purifying gas where gas is treated in a multistage treatment having at least two ejector stages, a motive medium including liquid, steam or gaseous agent at high pressure injected by an ejector of the ejector stage, and the gas is sucked into the same ejector and mixed with the motive medium for forming a mixture, at least a part of gas and/or liquid phase of the mixture is supplied to a second ejector stage having so that a second motive medium which includes liquid, steam or gaseous agent is injected to the ejector and the gas and/or the liquid phase is sucked into the same ejector in which the gas and/or liquid phase is mixed with the second motive medium for forming a second mixture, at least one of the mixtures includes an additive for removing impurities of the gas, and a purified gas is formed.

Abstract: Provided is a method forming a catalytic nanocoating on a surface of a metal plate, wherein the method comprises pretreating the surface of the metal plate by means of heat treatment at 500-800° C., forming a metaloxide support by washcoating on the surface of the metal plate, and coating the surface of the metal plate by depositing catalytically active metals and/or metaloxides on the metaloxide support by means of an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method in order to form a thin and conformal catalyst layer on the metal plate. Further, the invention relates to a catalyst and a use.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon fraction. The hydrocarbon fraction is formed from biomass based synthesis gas, the synthesis gas is fed through at least two catalyst layer, the first catalyst layer includes Fe-based catalyst, the second catalyst layer includes Co-based catalyst, and the synthesis gas is treated by supplying the synthesis gas through the first and second catalyst layers in order to form a hydrocarbon composition including the hydrocarbon fraction. Further, provided is a hydrocarbon fraction and its use.

Abstract: Provided is a method forming a catalytic nanocoating on a surface of a metal plate, wherein the method comprises pretreating the surface of the metal plate by means of heat treatment at 500-800° C., forming a metaloxide support by washcoating on the surface of the metal plate, and coating the surface of the metal plate by depositing catalytically active metals and/or metaloxides on the metaloxide support by means of an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method in order to form a thin and conformal catalyst layer on the metal plate. Further, the invention relates to a catalyst and a use.

Abstract: Provided is a method for forming catalytic nanocoating on a metal surface. The method comprises pretreating the metal surface by means of heat treatment at 500-800° C., forming a metaloxide support, and depositing catalytic nanosized metal and/or metaloxide particles on the metaloxide support and coating the metal surface with catalytic nanosized metal and/or metaloxide particles. Further, the invention relates to a catalyst and a use.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon fraction. The hydrocarbon fraction is formed from biomass based synthesis gas, the synthesis gas is fed through at least two catalyst layer, the first catalyst layer includes Fe-based catalyst, the second catalyst layer includes Co-based catalyst, and the synthesis gas is treated by supplying the synthesis gas through the first and second catalyst layers in order to form a hydrocarbon composition including the hydrocarbon fraction. Further, provided is a hydrocarbon fraction and its use.

Abstract: Method of producing a hydrocarbon composition in which a biomass raw-material is gasified to produce a raw syngas containing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide ratio being about 0.5 to 1.7. A part of the impurities is removed to produce a clean syngas which is fed into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor where a significant part of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen is converted to a hydrocarbon composition containing C4-C90 hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon composition is recovered which mainly contains hydrocarbons which are solid or semisolid at ambient temperature and pressure and an off-gas of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, including hydrocarbons which are gaseous at ambient temperature and pressure, is used for producing hydrogen gas. By introducing hydrogen into the clean syngas, the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio can be increased and by using off-gas-produced hydrogen, the capacity of the process is significantly improved.

Abstract: A method of reforming a gasification gas, in order to decompose the impurities contained therein, and a use of a noble metal catalyst in the pre-reforming of gasification gas. The gas is brought into contact with a metal catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The reformation is carried out in several stages, wherein in at least one of the first stages a noble metal catalyst is used, and in a second stage which follows the first stage the catalyst used is a metal catalyst. The use of a noble metal catalyst can reduce the risk of deactivation of the metal catalysts and can increase the operating life of the catalyst.

Abstract: A zirconium-based mixed oxide or zirconium-based mixed hydroxide which is capable of (a) at least 90% v/v conversion of naphthalene at atmospheric pressure at a temperature in the range 600-700° C. using a residence time of about 0.3 seconds, and/or (b) providing an initial heat of adsorption of ammonia of greater than 150 kJ/mol when measured by ammonia flowing gas microcalorimetry. Also, a method for purifying gas produced from the gasification of carbonaceous materials, comprising the step of bringing the gas into contact with such mixed oxides or mixed hydroxides.

Abstract: A method of reforming a gasification gas, in order to decompose the impurities comprised in the gas, and a use of a precious metal catalyst in the pre-reforming of gasification gas. The gas can be brought into contact with a metal catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The reformation can be carried out in several stages, in which case at least in one of the first catalytic zones a noble metal catalyst can be used, and in a secondary reforming stage which follows the first, preliminary reforming zone, the catalyst that can be used is a metal catalyst. Oxygen can be fed separately into each of the catalyst zones. The use of a noble metal catalyst can reduce the risk of deactivation of the metal catalysts and can increase the operating life of the catalyst.

Abstract: A method of reforming a gasification gas, in order to decompose the impurities contained therein, and a use of a noble metal catalyst in the pre-reforming of gasification gas. The gas is brought into contact with a metal catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The reformation is carried out in several stages, wherein in at least one of the first stages a noble metal catalyst is used, and in a second stage which follows the first stage the catalyst used is a metal catalyst. The use of a noble metal catalyst can reduce the risk of deactivation of the metal catalysts and can increase the operating life of the catalyst.