Abstract: The art for the design of a class of modified catalysts, the process for preparing such modified catalysts and implementation of such modified catalysts in phosphoric acid fuel cells is disclosed. The modified catalyst comprises a particle of a metal-doped porous material and an amount of a phosphate-containing acid group or phosphate-containing acid groups. The particle of the metal-doped porous material is a particle of a porous carrier with metal microparticles and a plurality of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the porous carrier such that (i) the plurality of metal microparticles are attached to a first portion of the plurality of hydroxyl groups of the surface of the porous carrier and (ii) an amount of a phosphate-containing acid group or phosphate-containing acid groups can be bonded to a second portion of the plurality of hydroxyl groups of the surface of the porous carrier to form the modified catalyst.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a proton exchange membrane is provided, which includes the steps as follows. The hydroxyl groups are disposed on the surface of a substrate by a hydrophilic treatment. The hydroxyl groups on the substrate are chemically modified with a coupling agent by a sol-gel process. The substrate is exposed to an amino acid with a phosphonate radical so that the amino acid containing a phosphonate radical can be chemically bonded with the coupling agent. The chemically bonded substrate is immersed in phosphoric acid for absorbing the phosphoric acid. The substrate blended with the phosphoric acid is placed between at least two leak-proof films for the purpose of preventing the leakage of the absorbed phosphoric acid. The proton exchange membrane manufactured by this method enable to retain the phosphoric acid in organic/inorganic complex form and micron/nano complex pore size.

Abstract: A liquid lens chip, a driving apparatus and a driving method thereof are provided. The driving apparatus includes a carrier and a driver. The carrier is configured to carry a liquid lens and has a plurality of electrode pairs in contact with the liquid lens. The driver provides a periodic first driving signal to a selected electrode pair of the electrode pairs during a first time period according to a scan control signal to change a shape of the liquid lens. The driver further provides a periodic second driving signal to an opposite electrode pair opposite to the selected electrode pair during a second time period to recover the shape of the liquid lens which has been changed during the first time period.

Abstract: A liquid lens chip, a driving apparatus and a driving method thereof are provided. The driving apparatus includes a carrier and a driver. The carrier is configured to carry a liquid lens and has a plurality of electrode pairs in contact with the liquid lens. The driver provides a periodic first driving signal to a selected electrode pair of the electrode pairs during a first time period according to a scan control signal to change a shape of the liquid lens. The driver further provides a periodic second driving signal to an opposite electrode pair opposite to the selected electrode pair during a second time period to recover the shape of the liquid lens which has been changed during the first time period.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method of performing electropolymerized electrochemically active poly-films as a current signal to detect bacteremia. The method comprises conjugating an electrochemical redox-active molecular monomer and a specific antibody with a gold nanoparticle to form a modified gold nanoparticle, and the modified gold nanoparticles are conjugated to the surface of bacteria via a specific antibody to form an electrochemically active poly-film by electropolymerization. When applying a voltage, a redox-active current signal of the electropolymerized electrochemically active poly-films can be detected by a usual electrochemical detection system typically in the range between nA and mA.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a proton exchange membrane is provided, which includes the steps as follows. The hydroxyl groups are disposed on the surface of a substrate by a hydrophilic treatment. The hydroxyl groups on the substrate are chemically modified with a coupling agent by a sol-gel process. The substrate is exposed to an amino acid with a phosphonate radical so that the amino acid containing a phosphonate radical can be chemically bonded with the coupling agent. The chemically bonded substrate is immersed in phosphoric acid for absorbing the phosphoric acid. The substrate blended with the phosphoric acid is placed between at least two leak-proof films for the purpose of preventing the leakage of the absorbed phosphoric acid. The proton exchange membrane manufactured by this method enable to retain the phosphoric acid in organic/inorganic complex form and micron/nano complex pore size.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a composite PDMS microstructure includes a defining step, a depositing step and an etching step. The defining step is performed for defining a patterned area having a mono-molecule with a thiol group on a PDMS substrate, and the mono-molecule with the thiol group is in liquid phase. The depositing step is performed for placing the PDMS substrate having the mono-molecule with the thiol group into a vacuum chamber within an activation time so as to deposit one Au atom on the patterned area of the PDMS substrate by a vacuum coating process. The etching step is performed for cleaning the PDMS substrate using water, and thus the Au atom can be selectively retained on the patterned area of the PDMS substrate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a composite PDMS microstructure includes a defining step, a depositing step and an etching step. The defining step is performed for defining a patterned area having a mono-molecule with a thiol group on a PDMS substrate, and the mono-molecule with the thiol group is in liquid phase. The depositing step is performed for placing the PDMS substrate having the mono-molecule with the thiol group into a vacuum chamber within an activation time so as to deposit one Au atom on the patterned area of the PDMS substrate by a vacuum coating process. The etching step is performed for cleaning the PDMS substrate using water, and thus the Au atom can be selectively retained on the patterned area of the PDMS substrate.