Abstract: A structure applying an optical wave guide layer includes an incident light source and at least one optical wave guide layer. The structure can be in any geometric shape such as a planar, hemispherical or conical shape. The geometric structure is designed for collecting and guiding the incident light source in specific directions. The light can be guided by a combination of materials having different optical properties. The incident angle of the collected light is controlled and the materials are selected to effectively overcome a drawback of the prior art that a portion of the light of some optical components cannot be extracted by a light extraction method.

Abstract: An electric device has a p-n diode, where the p-n diode is covered with a current modified layer (CML). With a resistance distribution of the CML, a current is decreased toward all directions from a point on a bonding pad between the CML and the p-n diode. Hence, a current is uniformly distributed on the CML by fine tuning the resistance distribution. Thus, an effectiveness of the electric device is improved.