Abstract: The present invention provides compounds represented by Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and esters thereof, The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of using this compounds for treating FXR-mediated or TGR5-mediated diseases or conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for preparing a compound of Formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. These compounds and pharmaceutical compositions are useful as FXR or TGR5 modulators. Specifically, the present invention relates to bile acid derivatives and methods for their preparation and use. The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound (II) and its salts and derivatives which are useful intermediates in the synthesis of biologically active molecules, especially in the synthesis of FXR and TGR5 modulators. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a compound (III) and its diethylamine salt.

Abstract: A coaxial perforating charge includes a shaped charge and a container having a fracture explosive pack inside. The container is coaxially provided at a front end of the shaped charge; the fracture explosive pack is a ring-shaped explosive pack formed by impregnating a fracture explosive for eliminating a compacted zone into the container; the fracture explosive pack is coaxially arranged with the shaped charge. The fracture explosive includes ammonium perchlorate, aluminum powder, additive, and dioctyl sebacate; the additive is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), or a mixture of HTPB, N,N?-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and toluene di-isocyanate. A perforation method thereof, for self-eliminating a compacted zone, includes steps of: running a jet perforating gun downward; perforating while self-eliminating a compacted zone.

Abstract: A method for preparing a synthetic rubber, including a step of graft-polymerizing a main polymer with a methyl-methacrylate monomer in the presence of a peroxide initiator of formula (I): R1—O—O—R2, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently an alkyl group or an alkanoyl group including from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A modulation policy for a modular multi-level convertor, determining a switching state of each submodule by combining the current direction of each bridge arm and the capacitor voltage order of the submodules based on a carrier stacking method. The beneficial effects of the modulation policy are that: each phase only needs a modulation wave and N carriers, given N submodules of each upper bridge arm or lower bridge arm of the modular multi-level convertor; the modular multi-level convertor can output N+1 levels without carrier phase shift; N devoted submodules of each phase are guaranteed at any time; and the submodules' capacitor voltage balancing can be controlled without a closed-loop control policy. The modulation policy facilitates adjustment of the modular multi-level convertor voltage and power class, has unlimited number of levels, has a high precision control algorithm, is easy to realize in engineering and saves software and hardware resources.

Abstract: Described is a technique for managing a workflow of human intelligence tasks based on task performance. When a large batch of tasks is performed continuously by a worker, task performance may decline. To lessen these consequences and improve overall task performance, the techniques described herein may adjust the type of tasks provided during a workflow. These adjustments may include providing a workflow interruption in the form of a different type of task or a break activity. These interruptions may switch between conceptual and perceptual activities in order to refresh the user and aid in alleviating the negative consequences of repetitive tasks such as physical and cognitive fatigue.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) or Formula (II): pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of using these compounds to treat or prevent a disease or disorder mediated by FXR and/or TGR5.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a host for sleep monitoring device which includes a host body and a switch arranged on the host body. The host for sleep monitoring device further includes a top cover and a second magnet arranged on the inner surface of the top cover. The host body includes a housing and a first magnet arranged on the outer surface of the housing. The host body and the top cover are pulled together by the first magnet and the second magnet. The present disclosure further provides a sleep monitoring device. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, since the host for sleep monitoring device includes the host body, the top cover and the second magnet arranged on the inner surface of the top cover, the host body includes the housing and the first magnet arranged on the outer surface of the housing, and the host body and the top cover are pulled together by the first magnet and the second magnet, the bedspread is sandwiched between the host body and the top cover.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds represented by Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, solvates, hydrates or combination thereof, The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of using this compounds for treating FXR-mediated or TGR5-mediated diseases or conditions.

Abstract: A coaxial perforating charge includes a shaped charge and a container having a fracture explosive pack inside. The container is coaxially provided at a front end of the shaped charge; the fracture explosive pack is a ring-shaped explosive pack formed by impregnating a fracture explosive for eliminating a compacted zone into the container; the fracture explosive pack is coaxially arranged with the shaped charge. The fracture explosive includes ammonium perchlorate, aluminum powder, additive, and dioctyl sebacate; the additive is hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), or a mixture of HTPB, N,N?-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and toluene di-isocyanate. A perforation method thereof, for self-eliminating a compacted zone, includes steps of: running a jet perforating gun downward; perforating while self-eliminating a compacted zone.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula I, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of using these compounds to prevent or treat FXR-mediated or TGR5-mediated diseases or conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula I, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of using these compounds to prevent or treat FXR-mediated or TGR5-mediated diseases or conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (IA) and Formula (IB), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and m are as defined herein, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of use of these compounds for treating a TGR5 mediated disease or condition.

Abstract: Systems and methods for implementing a hybrid crowdsourcing platform are provided. The hybrid crowdsourcing platform can receive a work request having a task with a plurality of units of work. One or more of the units of work can be suitable for completion by either a computer-based resource or a crowdsourcing resource. The individual units of work for the task can be analyzed to identify metrics associated with completion of the unit of work by the crowdsourcing resource and by the computer-based resource. Based on these metrics, the units of work can be assigned for completion by either the crowdsourcing resource or by the computer-based resource to improve the utility of the solution to the task.

Abstract: Methods and systems for identifying and maintaining gold units in a crowdsourcing application are provided. Units of work are selected for inclusion in a gold set based on worker responses to the units of work and an accuracy associated with the workers responding to the unit of work. The gold set is dynamically updated to remove older gold units from the gold set and to remove gold units that are too subjective from the gold set. The optimum gold unit percentage for a given task can also be identified.

Abstract: A modulation policy for a modular multi-level convertor, determining a switching state of each submodule by combining the current direction of each bridge arm and the capacitor voltage order of the submodules based on a carrier stacking method.

Abstract: A three-dimensional puzzle cube is generally described. The three-dimensional puzzle cube may include multiple blocks that are interconnected and movable, an output device, and a control unit that generates a control signal to the output device when the control unit determines that the blocks are arranged in a predetermined configuration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical access system for dual service network, which mainly comprises an optical modulation device which is used to receive on-off keying (OOK) signal from cable network and radio frequency (RF) signal from wireless network, the optical modulation device then modulates the OOK signal and the RF signal to an optical signal and send out an output optical signal. Lastly, the output optical signal is being delivered to an optical receiving device through an optical fiber transmission channel, and the optical receiving device can access the OOK signal and RF signal from the output optical signal. In addition, the present invention does not require remote nodes (receiver side) to use any optical filter to discern on-off keying signal from cable network and RF signal from wireless network. The present invention can also apply to the field of wavelength-division multiplexing system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I): wherein ring A, ring B, G, R3, Z, L1, and L2 are selected independently of each other and are as defined herein, to compositions comprising the compounds, and to methods of using the compounds as glucagon receptor antagonists and for the treatment or prevention of type 2 diabetes and conditions related thereto.

Abstract: A three-dimensional puzzle cube is generally described. The three-dimensional puzzle cube may include multiple blocks that are interconnected and movable, an output device, and a control unit that generates a control signal to the output device when the control unit determines that the blocks are arranged in a predetermined configuration.