Abstract: A method of controlling transmission power of a terminal performing device to device (D2D) communication in a wireless communication system, the method including receiving power control information corresponding to radio resources used for the D2D communication by the terminal from a base station, determining a first transmission power of the radio resources to be used for the D2D communication by the terminal among the radio resources, and transmitting data for the D2D communication with the determined first transmission power by using the radio resource to be used for the D2D communication by the terminal.

Abstract: A contention-based resource allocation method and apparatus is provided for use in a low power Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. The resource allocation method of a Device-to-Device (D2D) terminal of the present disclosure includes selecting an available resource in a frame, monitoring to detect a signal is received while a backoff timer is running, and performing, when no signal is received on the available resource before expiry of the backoff timer, a D2D communication using the available resource.

Abstract: A method of performing a soft demapping, includes obtaining a signal from a symbol representing bits that is transmitted from a transmitter, and calculating a gradient of a reference line in a constellation for a bit based on a rotation angle and a channel state of the constellation. The method further includes selecting a candidate for each of lines that corresponds to a logic value of the bit from constellation points included in the constellation based on the signal and the gradient of the reference line, and calculating a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the bit based on the signal and the selected candidate for each of the lines.

Abstract: A soft demapping apparatus and method thereof includes a pre-processing unit to pre-process a reception signal obtained from a symbol representing bits. A candidate selection unit selects two candidates from among constellation points included in a constellation for each of the bits. A distance calculation unit calculates a Euclidean distance between the reception signal and the two candidates. A log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculation unit calculates an LLR with respect to the bits based on the Euclidean distance between the reception signal and the two candidates.

Abstract: The method is performed as a client device and includes receiving a first message that includes a first data usage value. The first message is formatted according to a respective format. After receiving the first message, the method further includes acquiring a data usage template corresponding to the respective format. The method further includes receiving a second message that includes a second data usage value. The second message is formatted according to the respective format. The method further includes parsing the second message according to the data usage template so as to obtain a second data usage value.

Abstract: Apparatus and system for leveling a playing surface on a table, such as a billiards or pool table, which utilizes a plate which supports the playing surface and which is tiltable about an x and y-axis for maintaining contact with the playing surface regardless the angle of the surface relative to the frame. Further, the apparatus is height adjustable to assist with leveling the playing surface in engagement with the plate of the leveling apparatus. Leveling apparatus are also provided between the legs of the table and the frame and which can be pre-leveled before positioning the playing surface to minimize the amount of leveling required to level the playing surface relative to the frame.