Abstract: The present application belongs to the technical field of bridge engineering, and particularly relates to a structure for relieving cracking of a steel bridge deck. The structure for relieving cracking of a steel bridge deck comprises a steel bridge deck and a plurality of U-ribs welded and fixed to a bottom of the steel bridge deck, and further inventions an iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) fixing unit, a filling unit, a structural layer, and a test wire. A Fe-SMA having a restoration capability in the case of heating is used and formed into a honeycomb structure to greatly reduce an amplitude of fatigue stress and an influence of fatigue cracking of a welding part on the bridge deck.