Abstract: A bispecific binding molecule is provided, which comprises two identical antibody heavy chains and a single chain component which is a polypeptide chain comprising two identical antibody light chains linked to a single chain binding module with affinity for a target which mediates transport of the bispecific binding molecule across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Also provided are therapeutic, prophylactic, prognostic and diagnostic uses of the bispecific binding molecule.

Abstract: a method of investigating chemical changes resulting from commensal microflora colonisation of mammalian intestine which comprises: a) measuring gene expression in commensal bacterium-colonized and germ-free intestine of at least one gene; and b) identifying a gene from a) that has at least a 2-fold difference in expression level between commensal bacterium-colonized and germ-free intestine. The method selects genes for further evaluation, and gives rise to the development of prophylactic treatments.

Abstract: Authorization for a user to use a service is provided by a modified pager which calculates a unique response code to a transmitted challenge code based on the challenge code, an input personal identification number, and an internal key. The response code is input to a simple terminal, such as a telephone and if the unique response code is acceptable, the user may access the desired service, such as cashless transactions or long distance phone service.

Abstract: Transgenic non-human animals are described which serve as a model for H. pylori infection of epithelial cells of the stomach and small intestine. The gut epithelial cells of the transgenic animals express one or more surface carbohydrate antigens which act as receptors for the bacterium H. pylori, a known causative agent of acid peptic disease, such as gastritis, stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers, and strongly correlated with the development of gastric neoplasia. Methods for making and using the transgenic animals are also disclosed. The transgenic animals can be used to screen for compounds and conditions which block binding of H. pylori to the gut epithelium and/or ameliorate the H. pylori-associated pathogenesis of acid peptic disease and gastric adenocarcinoma.