Abstract: A method of correcting for an amplitude change in a spectrometric instrument output includes: exposing a sample in a sample holder to electromagnetic radiation at a plurality of wavenumbers; detecting electromagnetic absorption intensities in the sample at the plurality of wavenumbers; providing to a computer device the detected electromagnetic absorption intensities indexed against wavenumber as spectral data; applying in the computer device a mathematical transform (Icorr) to the spectral data to correct for an amplitude change in the spectrometric instrument's output and calculated by determining a difference (?(SBZ)/) between first derivatives of a logarithmic transformation of spectral data (SBZ) from the zero material sample at two different wavenumber ranges (log10(SBZ(x1))/ and log10(SBZ(x2))/); and calculating the mathematical transform (Icorr) as a function inversely dependent on the determined difference (?(SBZ)/).

Abstract: A method of standardizing an output of an electrical property sensor includes calculating a reference magnitude (Condr) of an electrical property of an electrically conductive liquid, based on obtaining, by a spectrometer, spectral data resulting from an interaction of light with the electrically conductive liquid, and applying, in a data processor, a mathematical model to the spectral data to calculate the reference magnitude (Condr) of the electrical property, wherein the mathematical model links the spectral data to magnitudes of the electrical property; comparing, in the data processor, a measured magnitude (Condm) of the electrical property of the electrically conductive liquid with a reference magnitude (Condr) of the electrical property, wherein the measured magnitude (Condm) of the electrical property is obtained with the electrical property sensor; determining, in the data processor, a standardization factor (F) dependent on a ratio of the reference magnitude (Condr) and the measured magnitude (Condm

Abstract: A method of correcting for an amplitude change in a spectrometric instrument output includes: exposing a sample in a sample holder to electromagnetic radiation at a plurality of wavenumbers; detecting electromagnetic absorption intensities in the sample at the plurality of wavenumbers; providing to a computer device the detected electromagnetic absorption intensities indexed against wavenumber as spectral data; applying in the computer device a mathematical transform (Icorr) to the spectral data to correct for an amplitude change in the spectrometric instrument's output and calculated by determining a difference (?(SBZ)/) between first derivatives of a logarithmic transformation of spectral data (SBZ) from the zero material sample at two different wavenumber ranges (log10(SBZ(x1))/ and log10(SBZ(x2))/); and calculating the mathematical transform (Icorr) as a function inversely dependent on the determined difference (?(SBZ)/).

Abstract: A method of determining a constituent related sample property of a multi-constituent sample comprising: subjecting the sample to a perturbation selected to induce a time dependent change in measurement data associated with a constituent related to the sample property to be determined; recording a time-series of measurement data following subjecting the sample to the perturbation; and determining the sample property from the application to the recorded time-series of measurement data of a calibration correlating the sample property with time-series of measurement data, said calibration being empirically derived from chemometric time-series modelling of time-series measurement data recorded for each of a plurality of reference samples following subjecting each reference sample to the perturbation, each reference sample having a different known values of the sample property.

Abstract: A method of determining a pathlength deviation of a sample (610), the method comprising: exposing the sample (610) to electromagnetic radiation at a plurality of wavenumbers, determining electromagnetic absorption in the sample (610) at the plurality of wavenumbers, determining a first wavenumber associated with a first absorption level of an absorption band and a second wavenumber associated with a second absorption level of the absorption band, wherein the second wavenumber is different from the first wavenumber, determining a difference between the first wavenumber and the second wavenumber, and determining the pathlength deviation based on the difference.

Abstract: A method of determining a pathlength deviation of a sample (610), the method comprising: exposing the sample (610) to electromagnetic radiation at a plurality of wavenumbers, determining electromagnetic absorption in the sample (610) at the plurality of wavenumbers, determining a first wavenumber associated with a first absorption level of an absorption band and a second wavenumber associated with a second absorption level of the absorption band, wherein the second wavenumber is different from the first wavenumber, determining a difference between the first wavenumber and the second wavenumber, and determining the pathlength deviation based on the difference.

Abstract: The invention relates to measuring instruments, preferably of the kind measuring absorbances, in an object, of electromagnetic radiation in at least two spectral ranges, such as IR instruments, and DXR, meaning Dual X-ray instruments, and more specifically to the determination of properties of food or feed, such as the fat content in milk or meat. The invention relates in particular to a method of providing a correction for a slave instrument of the kind measuring properties of an object by exposing the object to electromagnetic radiation, in particular X-rays, in at least two spectral ranges and obtaining one or more object responses thereto. The responses obtained being preferably based on detecting attenuation and/or reflection and/or scatter of the electromagnetic radiation in/from the object by use of one or more detectors and are obtained in a form where they express properties of the object either directly or via a transformation.

Abstract: Properties of a medium of food or feed, such as the fat content of meat, are determined by the use of dual X-ray absorptiometry with dual energy levels. Substantially, the entire medium is scanned by X-ray beams, and the X-rays passing through the medium are detected for a plurality of areas (pixels) of the medium. For each area, values Alow and Ahigh, representing absorption in the area of the medium at low and high energy levels are calculated. A plurality of values being products of the type Alown*Ahighm are generated and used for predicting the properties of the medium in this area. Thereby the accuracy of the property determination is improved considerably.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determination of properties of a medium of food or feed, such as the fat content of meat, by use of dual X-ray absorptiometry, the medium being a raw material of food or feed, a product or intermediary product of food or feed, or a batch, sample or section of the same, specifically for online use in a slaughter house. The method comprises—scanning substantially all of the medium by X-ray beams (16, 18) having at least two energy levels, including a low level and a high level,—detecting the X-ray beams having passed through the medium for a plurality of areas (pixels) of the medium,—for each area calculating a value, Alow, representing the absorption in the area of the medium at the low energy level,—for each area calculating a value, Ahigh representing the absorption in the area of the medium at the high energy level.

Abstract: A method for calibration of an IR spectrometry apparatus for providing and evaluating IR spectra in order to determine very low contents of specific components in a fluid, such as milk, and especially low contents of acetone, in a measuring range above 0, such as from 0.5 mM to 2.0 mM acetone in milk, using at least 50, such as from 50-300 known samples including at least 10 samples representing the fluid without any substantial content of the specific component for the calibration. Preferably, a good calibration for acetone shall be based on spectral information including the spectral ranges 1712-1697, 1419-1396, 1378-1353 and 1249-1226 cm−1, or at least a substantial portion/part of said ranges. By use of the new calibration of a FT-IR-spectrometry apparatus it will be possible to determine the acetone content during the sane IR measurement process used for determining other milk parameters such as fat and protein.

Abstract: A method for standardizing a spectrometer generating an optical spectrum from a sample, comprising generating at least one optical spectrum from at least one standardization sample each having a chemical composition resulting in the optical spectrum showing a characteristic pattern in a predetermined frequency range, comparing information relating to the pattern(s) to corresponding information relating to at least one reference pattern previously defined as the desired standard response from the at least one standardization sample, determining, based on the comparison, standardizing parameters describing the transition of the pattern(s) of the generated spectrum or spectra to the reference pattern(s) and storing said standardizing parameters in the spectrometer or a computer connected thereto, so that the spectrometer, when presented to an unknown sample, will, using the standardization parameters, generate an optical spectrum substantially identical to that which would be generated in a corresponding spectro

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for quantitatively assessing the amount of any extraneous water contained in a milk sample, the method comprising the steps of (a) performing a determination of the infrared (IR) attenuation of the sample in at least one waveband, (b) quantitatively assessing the amount of any extraneous water in the sample on the basis of the determination (a) and predetermined regression coefficients derived from multivariate calibration with respect to the relationship between infrared attenuation in the at least one waveband and the amount of extraneous water. The invention furthermore relates to a similar method for determining the freezing point depression of the sample. In addition, the invention relates to a method for the establishment of a set of regression coefficients for use in an instrument which determines the amount of extraneous water or the freezing point depression of a milk sample.