Abstract: A fortified date fruit product includes date fruit sugar and one or more mineral phosphate nanostructures. The mineral phosphate nanostructures can be selected from one or more of calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, and iron phosphate nanostructures, among others. The mineral phosphate nanostructures can have a particle size ranging from about 5 nm to about 100 nm, e.g., about 5 nm to about 20 nm, about 50 nm to about 100 nm, and about 75 nm to about 100 nm.

Abstract: The pH sensing biofilms include anthocyanin and a cellulose nanostructure or a cellulose nanocomposite. The cellulose nanostructure can include cellulose nanofibrils. The cellulose nanocomposite can include a composite of cellulose nanofibrils and pectin or a composite of cellulose nanofibrils and alginate. The presence of the anthocyanin in the biofilm allows the biofilm to change color in response to pH changes, thereby allowing the biofilm to be used as an active visual indicator of decay.

Abstract: The pH sensing biofilms include anthocyanin and a cellulose nanostructure or a cellulose nanocomposite. The cellulose nanostructure can include cellulose nanofibrils. The cellulose nanocomposite can include a composite of cellulose nanofibrils and pectin or a composite of cellulose nanofibrils and alginate. The presence of the anthocyanin in the biofilm allows the biofilm to change color in response to pH changes, thereby allowing the biofilm to be used as an active visual indicator of decay.

Abstract: A fortified date fruit product includes date fruit sugar and one or more mineral phosphate nanostructures. The mineral phosphate nanostructures can be selected from one or more of calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, and iron phosphate nanostructures, among others. The mineral phosphate nanostructures can have a particle size ranging from about 5 nm to about 100 nm, e.g., about 5 nm to about 20 nm, about 50 nm to about 100 nm, and about 75 nm to about 100 nm.

Abstract: The pH sensing biofilms include anthocyanin and a cellulose nanostructure or a cellulose nanocomposite. The cellulose nanostructure can include cellulose nanofibrils. The cellulose nanocomposite can include a composite of cellulose nanofibrils and pectin or a composite of cellulose nanofibrils and alginate. The presence of the anthocyanin in the biofilm allows the biofilm to change color in response to pH changes, thereby allowing the biofilm to be used as an active visual indicator of decay.

Abstract: A method of producing cellulose nanostructures includes obtaining Bassia eriophora plant biomass and treating the Bassia eriophora plant biomass to produce the cellulose nanostructures. The cellulose nanostructures can be used as a three-dimensional scaffold for growing three-dimensional cell cultures, such as human mesenchymal stem cell cultures. The cellulose nanostructures can be cellulose nanofibrils.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing nanostructures from agro-waste can include providing powdered Phoenix dactylifera agro-waste; mixing the powdered Phoenix dactylifera agro-waste with a liquid to provide a Phoenix dactylifera agro-waste solution; heating the Phoenix dactylifera agro-waste solution in a hydrothermal autoclave to provide a heated solution; and centrifuging the heated solution to provide a liquid fraction and a solid fraction. The liquid fraction can include a first plurality of nanostructures. The first plurality of nanostructures can include C-dots. The solid fraction can be further processed to provide a second plurality of nanostructures and a third plurality of nanostructures. The second plurality of nanostructures can include lignin nanoparticles. The third plurality of nanostructures can include cellulose nanocrystals. The nanostructures can be used in various applications, such as three dimensional cell culture, UV-protecting textiles, and bio-imaging.

Abstract: An anti-cancer agent having the formula: wherein Ph is a phenyl group and Ar is an aromatic group independently selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2,4, dichlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2 methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, and 3-nitrophenyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The method of making a three-dimensional, leaf-based scaffold for three-dimensional cell cultures includes washing a quantity of Ficus religiosa leaves, then treating the washed Ficus religiosa leaves in a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain alkali-treated Ficus religiosa leaves. The alkali-treated Ficus religiosa leaves are washed, and then superficial tissue is removed from the alkali-treated Ficus religiosa leaves to obtain Ficus religiosa leaf skeletons. The Ficus religiosa leaf skeletons are dried and then consecutively immersed in distilled water, a phosphate buffer saline solution, and plain Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) to form the three-dimensional scaffolds for three-dimensional cell cultures. Each three-dimensional scaffold can be used for growing three-dimensional cell cultures, such as human mesenchymal stem cell cultures.

Abstract: Anti-cancer compounds include N-arylmethylidene piperidones having structural formula I: where R is a hydrogen, halogen, methyl, methoxy, or nitro group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.