Abstract: The present invention includes composition, methods and systems for detecting, evaluating, diagnosis, tracking and treating Type 1 Diabetes by determining the level of expression of one or more genes listed in Table 1 (e.g., interleukin-1? (IL1B), early growth response gene 3 (EGR3), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2)). The present invention also includes compositions and methods for treating a patient in need thereof with a composition having a therapeutically effective amount of one or more IL-1? antagonists sufficient to spare pancreatic beta cells, including an anti-IL-1? receptor and downstream activators.

Abstract: A cDNA clone is isolated encoding a bovine adrenal cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation (P-450.sub.C21). This plasmid pC21a contains an insert of 520 base pairs. It hybridizes with mRNA encoding P-450.sub.C21. The peptide encoded by the insert is highly homologous to two peptides isolated from porcine P-450.sub.C21 and shows limited homology to the P-450 induced by phenobarbital in rat liver. This probe and its human equivalents can be used to screen in utero i.e. pre-natal as well as post-natal patients for adrenal hyperplasia since it reacts well with human DNA as shown. These probes can also be useful for an industrial fermentation process to produce cortisone in quantity.