Abstract: A method of treating a peroxygen compound (e.g., potassium monopersulfate) for use in applications where controlled release rate, exposure to incompatible compounds, and/or moisture is presented. The method incorporates coating the peroxygen compound with one or more of the following polymers: 1) chitin/chitosan, 2) carboxylate/sulfonate copolymer or tertiary polymer, and 3) carboxylate polymer selected from polymaleic acid, polyepoxysuccinic acid and/or phosphinocarboxylate polymers. Optionally, the peroxygen compound is also coated with an inorganic salt layer and a silicate layer. Potassium monopersulfate coated with an organic polymer is useful in reduced allergenic formulations and as an anti-caking agent. When the organic polymer is a polysaccharide, the coated potassium monopersulfate is also effective for shock treatment of water systems (e.g., pools). The oxidizing composition prepared with this method has a prolonged shelf life while demonstrating good solubility during use.

Abstract: A reactor for an in-situ production of a chemical product in high yield are presented. The reactor, which may be placed in a main solvent, includes a core and a reactor wall around the core. The reactor wall allows controlled permeation of the main solvent to the core. The core contains a reactant that reacts to produce a target product upon being contacted by a main solvent. The target product leaves the reactor at a controlled rate. Because the amount of the main solvent that permeates into the reactor is controlled, a high concentration of the reactant is maintained inside the reactor, resulting in a higher yield of the desired chemical product than if the reactants were directly added to the body of main solvent.

Abstract: Composition and method for bleaching are presented. The composition includes a reactor and an oxidizing agent. The reactor includes a core that contains an oxidizer reactant and generates dioxirane, percarboxylic acid, chlorine dioxide, hydroxyl radicals, and/or N-halo-amine when contacted by a main solvent. A reactor wall surrounds the core and controls diffusion of the main solvent to the core through the pores. The reactor wall has a substantially lower solubility in the main solvent than the oxidizer reactant and the generated product such that the reactor wall remains substantially intact until generation of the product is substantially complete. The oxidizing agent is in contact with the main solvent. The oxidizing agent, which may be a hypohalite donor, chlorine dioxide donor, halo-amine donor, percarboxylic acid donor, hydroxyl radical donor, persulfate(s), or a hydrogen peroxide donor, has an order of selectivity that is different from the product generated in the reactor.

Abstract: A method of cleaning water systems and an oxidizer (e.g., a potassium monopersulfate composition) that is used for the method are presented. When potassium monopersulfate is used as the oxidizer, it preferably has a low concentration (<0.5 wt. %) of potassium oxodisulfate byproduct that causes irritation. The low potassium oxodisulfate concentration allows the composition to be used more liberally than conventional potassium monopersulfate. To control the release rate of the oxidizer, the oxidizer is formed into a tablet and placed in an enclosure. The enclosure has pores such that water enters the enclosure at a controlled rate and dissolves the oxidizer. The oxidizer solution that is generated in the enclosure enters the water system through the pores. Optionally, the composition may also include a layer of coating material either under or over the enclosure that further controls the rate of oxidizer dissolution.

Abstract: Stable oxidizing compositions and a method of preparing such compositions are presented. The compositions include a peroxygen, for example, a potassium monopersulfate or, percarbonate particle suspended in an alcoholic gel. The alcohol content in the gel is such that the peroxygen particle is prevented from coming into contact with water during storage, thereby helping maintain a high available oxygen level. When the alcoholic gel is mixed with water, it becomes less viscous and exposes the peroxygen particle to the water. The peroxygen is ready for use when it dissolves in the water.

Abstract: A product including potassium monopersulfate and a halogen is presented. The product is useful for treatment of aquatic facilities such as swimming pools. While it was known that using a combination of potassium monopersulfate and halogen is effective for sanitizing water, a product that includes both components could not be made because of the incompatibility between the two components. The product overcomes the incompatibility by use of a barrier film between the two components. The barrier film, which includes one or more of inorganic salt, silicate, borosilicate, and organic polymer, is coated onto one of the components prior to being combined with the second component. The product may be extruded and molded into a desired shape and added to the water to be treated, as needed.

Abstract: A storable, stable composition that provides the effective antimicrobial benefits of halogenated agents is presented. The invention includes a water-soluble biocidal composition. The composition includes: about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of a water-soluble inorganic halide; about 5 to about 60 wt. % of an oxidizing agent which, in aqueous solution, reacts with the inorganic halide to generate hypohalite ions; about 1 to about 15 wt. % of N-succinimide; and about 1 to about 30 wt. % of a pH buffering agent. The invention also includes a method of producing the above composition.

Abstract: A method of preparing a potassium monopersulfate composition is presented, wherein the potassium monopersulfate composition has the formula (KHSO5)x(KHSO4)y(K2SO4)z, where x+y+z=1 and x=0.46–0.64, y=0.15–0.37, and z=0.15–0.37, said potassium monopersulfate composition having an active oxygen content greater than or equal to 4.9 wt. % and K2S2O8 at a concentration of <0.5 wt. % of the potassium monopersulfate composition. The method includes reacting an H2O2 solution containing at least 70 wt. % H2O2 with a H2SO4 solution at a substoichiometric ratio of the H2SO4 to H2O2 to generate a weak Caro's acid solution, then combining the weak Caro's acid solution with oleum to produce a rich Caro's acid solution. The rich Caro's acid solution may be combined with an alkali potassium compound to produce the potassium monopersulfate composition. During the process, the temperature is maintained at below 30 ° C.

Abstract: A method of cleaning water systems and a potassium monopersulfate composition that is used for the method are presented. Potassium monopersulfate with a low concentration (<0.5 wt. %) of potassium oxodisulfate byproduct is used for the method. Due to the low potassium oxodisulfate concentration, the composition is not subject to stringent usage restrictions that are applied to currently available potassium monopersulfate compositions. Also presented is a polysaccharide coating that can be used to control the rate at which the potassium monopersulfate dissolves upon use. Using the coating, the potassium monopersulfate composition can be used continuously instead of in a periodic shock treatment as is currently done. The low oxodisulfate concentration allows the method to be used regardless of whether the water system is being used by bathers.