Abstract: A push arm is coupled to a vehicle frame proximate an intersection of a first side member and a first cross-member. A rear surface of the push arm is located adjacent to a front suspension structure with a gap defined therebetween. The push arm extends forward and laterally outward such that a front surface of the push arm is located outboard of and spaced apart from a front end of the first side member. A energy absorbing structure is positioned within the gap and is attached to the rear surface of the push arm. The energy absorbing structure is spaced apart from the front suspension structure in a non-impacted state. The energy absorbing structure is configured such that in response to an off-center impact event, impact force to the energy absorbing structure pushes the energy absorbing structure into contact with the front suspension structure, such that the energy absorbing structure deforms and absorbs impact energy.

Abstract: An avionics system for providing information to pilots provides a communications bus, allowing each instrument in communication with the bus to access information from a plurality of sensors. Software based instrumentation and the ability to remove and insert computation units in communication with the bus provide the ability to change instrumentation. Interchangeable display units provide additional redundancy in the event of display unit failure.

Abstract: The invention concerns the field of avionics, specifically the providing of information to a pilot or flight crew and, potentially, to ground-based communications regarding the status of an aircraft.