Abstract: A refining element for use in the refining of fibrous materials is disclosed in which the refining surface includes an inner portion and an outer portion defining a transition region between these two portions, a plurality of bars and grooves in the inner portion of the refining surface, and a plurality of bars and intermediate grooves in the outer portion of the refining surface, the bars in the inner surface having a greater width than those in the outer surface, and the transition region having a varying distance from the inner edge of the refining element across the refining surface.

Abstract: A refining element for use in the refining of fibrous materials is disclosed in which the refining surface includes an inner portion and an outer portion defining a transition region between these two portions, a plurality of bars and grooves in the inner portion of the refining surface, and a plurality of bars and intermediate grooves in the outer portion of the refining surface, the bars in the inner surface having a greater width than those in the outer surface, and the transition region having a varying distance from the inner edge of the refining element across the refining surface.

Abstract: A refining element is disclosed for use in a disk refiner having a refining element holder surface including a plurality of attachment holes, the refining element including a plurality of working members on its front surface and a rear surface adapted to be attached to the refining element holder, the refining element further includes a plurality of attachment through holes extending through the refining element for attachment to the refining element holder at corresponding attachment holes therein, whereby attachment screws can be provided for affixing the refining element to the refining element holder through the plurality of attachment through holes, and at least one removal hole including threads and being substantially centrally located on the refining element, whereby the refining element can be removed from the refining element holder by extending a removal screw through the removal hole to apply pressure for removal of the refining element against the refining element holder.