Abstract: Universal cards are used in place of all the other traditional cards which a person may want to carry. The universal card can include a short range communications transceiver to communicate with a mobile device. The mobile device can include a user interface and an e-wallet application so that the user can interface with the e-wallet application for programming the universal card via the short range communication link. Once programmed, the universal card emulates a function of a traditional card.

Abstract: Universal cards are used in place of all the other traditional cards which a person may want to carry. The universal card can include a short range communications transceiver to communicate with a mobile device. The mobile device can include a user interface and an e-wallet application so that the user can interface with the e-wallet application for programming the universal card via the short range communication link. Once programmed, the universal card emulates a function of a traditional card.

Abstract: Metal-based (coaxial) cables traditionally found on communication towers, which are a significant part of payload weight on the tower, are reduced/eliminated by using optical communication between an on-ground electronics box and an on-tower electronics box through a fiber line. Payload weight and cabling cost may be significantly reduced simplifying tower design process. Reliability may also be increased through reduced failure rate (fewer cables) and optical communication. The use of fiber-optic feed lines reduces the wind load on the tower and allows the tower to be smaller in size and to be built at less cost. A smaller size tower also reduces the negative impact on the aesthetic appeal of the surrounding area.