Abstract: The present invention provides processes, inter alia, for the treatment of a starch-based feedstock. The processes include mixing together a starch-based feedstock and a working fluid to form a slurry, hydrating the starch-based feedstock with the working fluid, adding an enzyme to the slurry, pumping the slurry into a substantially constant diameter passage of a fluid mover, and injecting a high velocity transport fluid into the slurry through one or more nozzles communicating with the passage, thereby further hydrating and heating the starch-based feedstock and dispersing the starch content of the slurry. Apparatuses for carrying out such processes are also provided. Processes for converting starch in feedstocks into oligosaccharides and systems for producing sugars and ethanol using the processes and apparatuses of the invention are also provided. Processes for calculating ethanol yield using the apparatuses are also provided.

Abstract: A conveyor apparatus for conveying solid material in a process vessel includes, a first baffle set comprising a plurality of inclined baffles located above the eductors and arranged to restrict upward flow of solids in the direction of movement of the solids. A second baffle set may be used to prevent particles rebounding from an end wall and back into upper levels of the vessel.

Abstract: A conveyor apparatus for conveying solid material in a process vessel includes, a first baffle set comprising a plurality of inclined baffles located above the eductors and arranged to restrict upward flow of solids in the direction of movement of the solids. A second baffle set may be used to prevent particles rebounding from the end wall and back into upper levels of the vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrocyclone apparatus which is simple in design, more space efficient, and easier to maintain than prior art designs. The invention comprises a three chamber vessel wherein the inlet chamber is between the outlet and overflow chambers. Therefore, the inlets to the liners are between the plates dividing the vessel into separate chambers and the outlets from the liners extend directly into the end chambers the labyrinth of passages and conduits for the overflow liquid. The present invention includes a no bolt securing arrangement for securing the liners in the vessel. In particular, the liner includes a shoulder portion which abuts one of the dividing plates and an end cap which closes the open end of the vessel being in close proximity to the ends of the liners thereby securing the liners in the opening in the dividing plates. The shoulder further includes lobes to limit rotation of the shoulders.

Abstract: The invention provides a highly space efficient solution to designing hydrocyclone vessels and the liners that are used therein. Moreover, the invention reduces the maintenance requirements for the vessels by providing the liners as units which are preassembled outside the vessel and installed in and out of the vessel without bolts or other minimally detailed process. The invention primarily includes a three chamber vessel wherein the inlet chamber is between the outlet and reject chambers. Therefore the inlet to the liners is between the plates dividing the chamber into separate chambers and the outlets from the liners extend straight into the end chambers. This avoids having to provide conduits from the reject end of the liner to a reject gallery in the plate or outside the vessel. Secondly, the design incorporated a no bolt design to secure the involute inlet into the liner and secure the liner into the opening in the plate.