Abstract: An apparatus for sampling landfill gas from a landfill flowing through a pipe. The apparatus may comprise: an enclosure configured to receive a section of the pipe; a gas sampling port in the section of the pipe; at least one sensor device disposed in a region of the enclosure, the at least one sensor being coupled to the section of the pipe through the gas sampling port; and thermal insulation positioned to retain heat from the section of the pipe in the region of the enclosure. A method of operating a landfill gas recovery system. The method may comprise: flowing gas from a well riser pipe through a sampling subsystem to a collection system; and heating a portion of the sampling subsystem with the gas flowing from the well riser pipe to the collection system.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas, comprising: at least one sensor configured to measure one or more characteristics of landfill gas; at least one flow control mechanism disposed in well piping and configured to control flow of the landfill gas through the well piping; and at least one processor configured to: obtain a measured concentration of a first gas in landfill gas; determine whether the measured concentration of the first gas is either less than a first threshold concentration or greater than a second threshold concentration; when it is determined that the measured concentration is less than the first threshold concentration, control the at least one flow control mechanism to reduce flow rate of landfill gas; and when it is determined that the concentration is greater than the second threshold concentration, control the at least one flow control mechanism to increase the flow rate of landfill gas.

Abstract: Described herein are embodiments of a control system that automatically (1) determines whether a gas extraction system is in a state in which landfill gas is being released into the atmosphere, and (2) automatically controls landfill gas flow to mitigate, prevent and/or stop the release of landfill gas. The control system may control a valve to control flow of landfill gas through well piping of the gas extraction system. The pressure of landfill gas in the well piping at a location upstream of the valve may indicate whether there is a risk of landfill gas being released into the atmosphere. The control system may adjust a position of the valve in response to determining that the pressure at the location upstream of the valve indicates that there is a risk of landfill gas being released into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas from a landfill via a gas extraction system, the gas extraction system comprising well piping for coupling a plurality of wells to a gas output. The control system comprises a controller configured to: obtain a value indicating measured energy content of landfill gas collected at the gas output from the plurality of wells; determine whether the measured energy content is different from a target energy content; and in response to determining that the measured energy content is different from the target energy content: control a plurality of valves disposed in the well piping to change flow rates of landfill gas being extracted from at least some of the plurality of wells at least in part by changing degrees to which the plurality of valves are open.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas, comprising: at least one sensor configured to measure one or more characteristics of landfill gas; at least one flow control mechanism disposed in well piping and configured to control flow of the landfill gas through the well piping; and at least one processor configured to: obtain a measured concentration of a first gas in landfill gas; determine whether the measured concentration of the first gas is either less than a first threshold concentration or greater than a second threshold concentration; when it is determined that the measured concentration is less than the first threshold concentration, control the at least one flow control mechanism to reduce flow rate of landfill gas; and when it is determined that the concentration is greater than the second threshold concentration, control the at least one flow control mechanism to increase the flow rate of landfill gas.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas, the system comprising: at least one sensor; at least one flow control mechanism; and at least one processor configured to perform: obtaining a first measure of energy content in a first portion of landfill gas; controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to increase a flow rate of landfill gas; after the controlling, obtaining a second measure of energy content in a second portion of landfill gas; when it is determined that the second measure of energy content is greater than the first measure of energy content, controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to increase the flow rate of landfill gas; and when it is determined that the second measure of energy content is less than the first measure of energy content, controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to decrease the flow rate of landfill gas.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas, the system comprising: at least one sensor; at least one flow control mechanism; and at least one processor configured to perform: obtaining a first measure of energy content in a first portion of landfill gas; controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to increase a flow rate of landfill gas; after the controlling, obtaining a second measure of energy content in a second portion of landfill gas; when it is determined that the second measure of energy content is greater than the first measure of energy content, controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to increase the flow rate of landfill gas; and when it is determined that the second measure of energy content is less than the first measure of energy content, controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to decrease the flow rate of landfill gas.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas from a landfill via a gas extraction system comprising well piping, the landfill gas having a first temperature when extracted, the control system comprising: a gas composition chamber coupled to the well piping and comprising at least one sensor configured to measure one or more characteristics of a landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber; a temperature control mechanism configured to heat the landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber to a second temperature at least a threshold amount greater than the first temperature; and a controller configured to control the at least one sensor to measure the one or more characteristics of the landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber when a temperature of the landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber is at least the threshold amount greater than the first temperature.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas, the system comprising: at least one atmospheric pressure sensor configured to measure atmospheric pressure; at least one flow control mechanism disposed in well piping and configured to control flow of the landfill gas through the well piping; and at least one processor configured to perform: obtaining a first atmospheric pressure; obtaining a second atmospheric pressure value; determining whether the second atmospheric pressure value is greater than the first atmospheric pressure value; when it is determined that the second atmospheric pressure value is greater than the first atmospheric pressure value, controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to decrease the flow rate of landfill gas; and when it is determined that the second atmospheric pressure value is less than the first atmospheric pressure value, controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to increase the flow rate of landfill gas.

Abstract: An electrical protector with a central axis includes a cap defining a top and a downwardly extending cap wall, and insert defining a ring and an upwardly extending insert wall, at least three protrusions extending inwardly from an interior surface of the insert wall toward the central axis, and a sealant disposed at least within the cap. The cap wall engages the insert wall, thereby establishing a connection between the cap and the insert. The protrusions are adapted to engage a structure, thereby securing the electrical protector onto the structure.

Abstract: An apparatus for sampling landfill gas from a landfill flowing through a pipe. The apparatus may comprise: an enclosure configured to receive a section of the pipe; a gas sampling port in the section of the pipe; at least one sensor device disposed in a region of the enclosure, the at least one sensor being coupled to the section of the pipe through the gas sampling port; and thermal insulation positioned to retain heat from the section of the pipe in the region of the enclosure. A method of operating a landfill gas recovery system. The method may comprise: flowing gas from a well riser pipe through a sampling subsystem to a collection system; and heating a portion of the sampling subsystem with the gas flowing from the well riser pipe to the collection system.

Abstract: An apparatus for sampling landfill gas from a landfill flowing through a pipe. The apparatus may comprise: an enclosure configured to receive a section of the pipe; a gas sampling port in the section of the pipe; at least one sensor device disposed in a region of the enclosure, the at least one sensor being coupled to the section of the pipe through the gas sampling port; and thermal insulation positioned to retain heat from the section of the pipe in the region of the enclosure. A method of operating a landfill gas recovery system. The method may comprise: flowing gas from a well riser pipe through a sampling subsystem to a collection system; and heating a portion of the sampling subsystem with the gas flowing from the well riser pipe to the collection system.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas, the system comprising: at least one sensor; at least one flow control mechanism; and at least one processor configured to perform: obtaining a first measure of energy content in a first portion of landfill gas; controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to increase a flow rate of landfill gas; after the controlling, obtaining a second measure of energy content in a second portion of landfill gas; when it is determined that the second measure of energy content is greater than the first measure of energy content, controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to increase the flow rate of landfill gas; and when it is determined that the second measure of energy content is less than the first measure of energy content, controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to decrease the flow rate of landfill gas.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas, the system comprising: at least one atmospheric pressure sensor configured to measure atmospheric pressure; at least one flow control mechanism disposed in well piping and configured to control flow of the landfill gas through the well piping; and at least one processor configured to perform: obtaining a first atmospheric pressure; obtaining a second atmospheric pressure value; determining whether the second atmospheric pressure value is greater than the first atmospheric pressure value; when it is determined that the second atmospheric pressure value is greater than the first atmospheric pressure value, controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to decrease the flow rate of landfill gas; and when it is determined that the second atmospheric pressure value is less than the first atmospheric pressure value, controlling the at least one flow control mechanism to increase the flow rate of landfill gas.

Abstract: A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas, comprising: at least one sensor configured to measure one or more characteristics of landfill gas; at least one flow control mechanism disposed in well piping and configured to control flow of the landfill gas through the well piping; and at least one processor configured to: obtain a measured concentration of a first gas in landfill gas; determine whether the measured concentration of the first gas is either less than a first threshold concentration or greater than a second threshold concentration; when it is determined that the measured concentration is less than the first threshold concentration, control the at least one flow control mechanism to reduce flow rate of landfill gas; and when it is determined that the concentration is greater than the second threshold concentration, control the at least one flow control mechanism to increase the flow rate of landfill gas.

Abstract: An electrical protector with a central axis includes a cap defining a top and a downwardly extending cap wall, and insert defining a ring and an upwardly extending insert wall, at least three protrusions extending inwardly from an interior surface of the insert wall toward the central axis, and a sealant disposed at least within the cap. The cap wall engages the insert wall, thereby establishing a connection between the cap and the insert. The protrusions are adapted to engage a structure, thereby securing the electrical protector onto the structure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removing fluids from a subterranean well are described. An example embodiment includes a system having a well casing surrounding at least one inner tubing string, where the inner tubing string has a distal section and a proximal section, an apparatus for removing a first fluid within the distal section of the inner tubing string, and an apparatus for removing a second fluid within the proximal section of the inner tubing string.

Abstract: The invention includes systems and methods for operating, monitoring and controlling downhole fluid control system at a below ground location in a wellhole. The system may include a downhole fluid control system comprising at least one pump, a spoolable composite pipe comprising a fluid channel and at least one energy conductor, and a distal connection device adapted to couple a distal end of the fluid channel to the at least one pump and couple a distal end of the at least one energy conductor to the downhole fluid control system.

Abstract: The invention includes systems and methods for removing fluids from a subterranean well. An example embodiment includes a system having a well casing surrounding at least one inner tubing string, where the inner tubing string has a distal section and a proximal section, a first fluid removal means within the distal section of the inner tubing string, and a second fluid removal means within the proximal section of the inner tubing string.

Abstract: The invention includes systems and methods for heating a fluid and transporting the fluid at an elevated temperature. The system includes a fiber reinforced spoolable pipe. This spoolable pipe may include an inner layer, at least one reinforcing layer, at least one heating element, and at least one insulation layer. The heating element may be located external to the inner layer. The invention also includes methods of deploying and rehabilitating a spoolable pipe for transporting a fluid at elevated temperature.