Abstract: Known methods for hydrothermal carbonization are very time intensive, as the carbonization reaction only proceeds gradually in the biomass used therefor. This is because of the different reaction conditions prevailing in different parts of the biomass. These also cause an inhomogeneous reaction product. To accelerate the method and to improve the result, the biomass is swirled inside the available reaction space with the aid of blower nozzles, which blow in the steam at a high speed so that the biomass is swirled. This ensures that the carbonization reaction can proceed uniformly and promptly after the biomass is introduced.

Abstract: Known methods for hydrothermal carbonization are very time-intensive, as the carbonization reaction only proceeds gradually in the biomass used therefore. This is because of the different reaction conditions prevailing in different parts of the biomass. These also cause an inhomogeneous reaction product. The object of the invention is both to accelerate the method and to improve the result. This is achieved by swirling the biomass inside the available reaction space with the aid of blower nozzles, which blow in the steam at a high speed so that the biomass is swirled. This ensures that the carbonization reaction can proceed uniformly and promptly after the biomass is introduced.

Abstract: Known methods for hydrothermal carbonization are very time intensive, as the carbonization reaction only proceeds gradually in the biomass used therefor. This is because of the different reaction conditions prevailing in different parts of the biomass. These also cause an inhomogeneous reaction product. To accelerate the method and to improve the result, the biomass is swirled inside the available reaction space with the aid of blower nozzles, which blow in the steam at a high speed so that the biomass is swirled. This ensures that the carbonization reaction can proceed uniformly and promptly after the biomass is introduced.

Abstract: Known methods for hydrothermal carbonization are very time-intensive, as the carbonization reaction only proceeds gradually in the biomass used therefor. This is because of the different reaction conditions prevailing in different parts of the biomass. These also cause an inhomogeneous reaction product. The object of the invention is both to accelerate the method and to improve the result. This is achieved by swirling the biomass inside the available reaction space with the aid of blower nozzles, which blow in the steam at a high speed so that the biomass is swirled. This ensures that the carbonization reaction can proceed uniformly and promptly after the biomass is introduced.

Abstract: An indicator panel includes a generally rectangular frame having an outwardly extending surrounding flange and two pairs of generally parallel sides defining an opening. The frame is releasably retained in a recess formed in a mounting plate such that the surrounding flange covers the recess and abuts a front side of the mounting plate. A plurality of stops are provided on the inside walls of the frame for retaining a circuit board in the opening and a cover plate is attached to the frame to cover the opening. One pair of the sides is tubular having a longitudinally extending aperture interrupted by a central wall and pairs of first and second openings formed on opposite sides of the walls. Slidably retained in each aperture on opposite sides of the wall are latches for releasably fastening the indicator panel to the mounting plate. Each latch is formed as one piece from an elastic synthetic material with a head portion connected to a foot portion by a spring.

Abstract: A switch apparatus includes a cap having an axially extending flange for mounting in an opening of a cover plate and a releasably attached switch carrier. A signal light element is slidably mounted inside the cap and has a hollow, cylindrical head portion. Extending from a rear surface of the head portion are a pair of guides and a push rod. A sleeve threadably engages threaded exterior surface of a side wall a switch carrier, a forward end of the sleeve and the flange of the cap engaging opposite sides of the cover plate and retaining the switch apparatus in the opening. Provided at the rearward end of the switch carrier are board holders which retain a rear circuit board on which is mounted a microswitch actuated by the push rod. Positioned in the head portion of the signal light element is an annular light conductor and a front circuit board which has light-emitting semiconductors integrated thereon.

Abstract: A control panel is detachably connected by a retaining bracket to a housing which is mounted in an aperture formed in a support structure such as a wall. The positioning of the panel adjacent an outer surface of the support structure is independent of the depth of insertion of the housing in the aperture. The bracket is U-shaped with a generally vertical base portion and first and second legs extending horizontally from opposite ends of the base portion. Each leg has a hook formed at a free end thereof for detachably engaging a spring clip mounted on a rear surface of the panel. A pair of spring plates are attached to the base portion by fasteners and each plate has two pairs of spring tabs formed thereon for engaging a roughened surface on opposite side walls of the housing. After the insertion of the bracket into the housing, the fasteners can be loosened to permit positioning of the panel relative to the housing.