Abstract: An engineered regenerative biostructure (erb) for implantation into a human body as a bone substitute, which includes an internal microstructure, mesostructure and/or macrostructure to provide improved bone in-growth, and methods for making the erb. Under one aspect of the invention, the biostructure has resorbable and nonresorbable regions. Under another aspect of the invention, the biostructure is constructed of hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and/or demineralized bone. Under yet another aspect of the invention, the porous biostructure is partially or fully infused with a resorbable, nonresorbable or dissolvable material.

Abstract: An arrangement of fins or other convective heat transfer surfaces which provides an improved value of heat transfer per unit pressure drop of the flowing fluid, for a defined geometric envelope. There are at least two flowpaths in parallel. Each flowpath contains a wide densely-surfaced region, called a heat transfer region, which accomplishes heat transfer at a reduced velocity whereby the ratio of heat transfer to pressure drop for that region is improved. In series with that region, in the same flowpath, is a narrow sparsely-surfaced region, called a fluid flow region, which serves to transport the fluid, at higher velocity but with minimal pressure drop, through the region(s) not densely-surfaced. The respective wide and narrow regions can be oppositely placed so that the overall arrangement maintains a constant width dimension so as to resemble conventional design.

Abstract: A flowmeter based on the pressure difference across a flow resistance element which is an array of surfaces generally parallel to the flow direction, which is operated such that over at least part of its range the Reynolds number is larger than the traditional limiting Reynolds number for laminar flow of approximately 2000. Also, the L/D ratio is shorter than in a traditional laminar flow element, so that for at least part of its range its operation is determined by the behavior of boundary layers forming on those surfaces. Such a flow resistance element provides a pressure drop vs. flowrate relationship which over a wide range of flow conditions is less steep than quadratic. This allows a larger flowrate turndown ratio for a given range of differential pressure measurement. The flowmeter may additionally comprise other sensors and a microprocessor.

Abstract: An engineered regenerative biostructure (erb) for implantation into a human body as a bone substitute, which includes an internal microstructure, mesostructure and/or macrostructure to provide improved bone in-growth, and methods for making the erb. Under one aspect of the invention, the biostructure has resorbable and nonresorbable regions. Under another aspect of the invention, the biostructure is constructed of hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and/or demineralized bone. Under yet another aspect of the invention, the porous biostructure is partially or fully infused with a resorbable, nonresorbable or dissolvable material.

Abstract: A source of thermal radiation for calibrating or testing infrared thermometers or detectors, in which improved temperature uniformity of the radiation-emitting surface is achieved by supplying heat to that surface by condensation of a working fluid as in a heat pipe. With appropriate selection of the working fluid, a wide range of temperatures is possible. Air convection currents at the radiation-emitting opening of the device may be suppressed by creation of a transition region of heated air by a baffle and air heater, further improving the temperature uniformity of the radiation-emitting surface.