Abstract: An anti-attack shock collar is a collar for an animal. The anti-shock collar includes an electronics unit; a power supply operable to create a potential difference between a first and a second terminal; at least one flexible strap secured at one position along its length to the electronics unit; and a water sensor. The flexible strap includes first and second electrodes which are exposed or partially exposed on the exterior of the collar and are electrically connected to the first and second terminals of the power supply respectively. The water sensor detects the presence of water on a portion of the collar. If water is detected on the portion of the collar, the water sensor causes the electronics unit to prevent the power supply from being operated to create a potential difference between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: An anti-attack shock collar is a collar for an animal, and comprises an electronics unit; a power supply operable to create a potential difference between a first and a second terminal; at least one flexible strap secured at one position along its length to the electronics unit, having opposing ends which are releasably fastenable to each other to form a closed loop, and comprising first and second electrodes which are exposed or partially exposed on the exterior of the collar and are electrically connected to the first and second terminals of the power supply respectively; and a water sensor configured to detect the presence of water on a portion of the collar and, if water is detected on the portion of the collar, cause the electronics unit to prevent the power supply from being operated to create a potential difference between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A toilet system comprising: a cistern for containing flush water; a toilet having a bowl, the bowl having one or more apertures which are in fluid communication with a water intake aperture of the toilet and through which flush water flows when the toilet is flushed; a conduit for transporting flush water from the cistern to the water intake aperture; and a gas removal device positioned around the conduit and defining an inner aperture through which the conduit passes, there being a peripheral space between the exterior of the conduit and an inner surface of the inner aperture, and the gas removal device being operable to suck gas into the device through the inner surface of the inner aperture.

Abstract: A toilet system comprising: a cistern for containing flush water; a toilet having a bowl, the bowl having one or more apertures which are in fluid communication with a water intake aperture of the toilet and through which flush water flows when the toilet is flushed; a conduit for transporting flush water from the cistern to the water intake aperture; and a gas removal device positioned around the conduit and defining an inner aperture through which the conduit passes, there being a peripheral space between the exterior of the conduit and an inner surface of the inner aperture, and the gas removal device being operable to suck gas into the device through the inner surface of the inner aperture.