Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for modeling a software system of a distributed services system. The method includes receiving a stream of ledger transaction messages generated by a software system, which are then stored in a data store. A ledger system accesses a data model representing a state machine of the proper functioning of the software system. A ledger clearance operation is performed using the state machine and the data stored within the stream of ledger transaction messages in the data store to generate balances within states of the state machine. The ledger system detects an operational characteristic, such as proper function or improper function, of the software system based on a balance of a state in the state machine. Such detection is performed without knowledge of the underlying implementation of the software system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for performing a health analysis of a modeled software system of a distributed services system. A stream of ledger transaction messages generated during execution of the software system are received and stored in a data store. A ledger data model is accessed, where the data model represents a state machine having states, data, and transitions between states indicative of proper functioning of the underlying software system. A ledger clearing operation is performed to generate monetary balances of states in the data model for a plurality of transactions, and aggregated values associated with operational characteristics of various states of the data model. From the aggregated values, a graphical user interface is caused to be display the values of the operational characteristics aggregated over a set of transactions as health indicators of the underlying operations performed by a software system, across software systems, or other subsets of configurable options.

Abstract: A method for maintaining database integrity comprises: receiving event data from a producer; converting the received event data to a standard set of ledger entries; publishing the converted entries to a database; determining if two accounts in the database balance out; performing a remedial action to maintain the database integrity if the accounts do not balance.

Abstract: A method for maintaining database integrity comprises: receiving event data from a producer; converting the received event data to a standard set of ledger entries; publishing the converted entries to a database; determining if two accounts in the database balance out; performing a remedial action to maintain the database integrity if the accounts do not balance.