Abstract: A crosslinkable powder composition is provided which is redispersible in water and comprisesa) from 30 to 95 parts by weight of one or more water-insoluble, film-forming polymers of free-radically polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers, where from 0.5 to 10% by weight of the monomers, based on the total weight of the polymer a), are ones having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of aldehyde, keto, epoxide, isocyanate, carboxylic anhydride and aziridine groups,b) from 5 to 70 parts by weight of one or more water-soluble, film-forming polymers, where the parts by weight of a) and b) add up to 100 parts by weight, andc) one or more compounds containing at least two functional groups which are present in salt form and are selected from the group consisting of amines, hydrazides, hydroxylamine esters, aryl- and alkylhydrazines or -hydrazones.

Abstract: The invention relates to water-dispersible or water-soluble polymer powder compositions which can be crosslinked or condensed by acid and comprisesI) one or more pulverulent water-dispersible or water-soluble copolymers which can be crosslinked or condensed by acid,II) one or more pulverulent water-dispersible or water-soluble compounds from the group consisting of alkali metal or ammonium peroxo acid salts, andIII) one or more pulverulent water-dispersible or water-soluble reducing agents.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of a graft copolymer by means of emulsion polymerization. The graft base used is a sulfonate group-containing vinyl ester/ethylene latex which is stabilized exclusively by an anionic emulsifier (CMC.gtoreq.0.5% by weight in H.sub.2 O) and is grafted, preferably with vinyl chloride, without further addition of emulsifier or protective colloid. The graft copolymers according to the invention have good water resistance and very good thermoplastic processability. They are useful as impact modifiers and for the production of articles, such as, soft to semi-hard moldings.

Abstract: A building block, at least one face of which has a recessed surface along at least a portion of its periphery. The recessed surface is of non-uniform width and, at least in part, defines a surface of irregular shape. Each remaining face of the block has a surface of regular geometric shape facilitating laying of the block.

Abstract: A finely-divided, monomodal protective-colloid stabilized aqueous dispersion of a copolymer of at least 75% by weight of units of vinyl chloride and ethylene and optionally copolymerized with up to 25% by weight of units of additional monomers unsaturated at the ethylene bond and having a solids content of 45 to 70% by weight, characterized in that the dispersions are not partially flocculated, the polymer has a mean particle size of 150 to 500 nm measured as mean weight in a disc centrifuge and a polydispersion index of not more than 1.8 and less than 50% of the polymer particles are larger than 1,000 nm and a process for the preparation thereof using a single step radical polymerization of vinyl chloride, ethylene and optionally additional monomers such as vinyl esters useful as dispersion powders, adhesives, binders and concrete additives.

Abstract: Novel pressure-sensitive aqueous adhesive dispersions comprising 40 to 65% by weight, based on the dispersion weight, of a copolymer produced by radical emulsion polymerization of ethylene, vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, ethylenically unsaturated hydroxyalkyl functional compounds, optionally present (meth)acrylic acid esters with alkyl of 4 to 12 carbon atoms and optionally present mono- or poly-ethylenically unsaturated compounds having a second order transition temperature of -20.degree. to -60.degree. C. and a K value of 50 to 180, characterized in that the copolymer was obtained by polymerization of(a) 10-45% by weight of ethylene(b) 0-25% by weight of acrylic ester(s)(c) 40-89% by weight of vinyl ester(s)(d) 0.5-4% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids(e) 0.5-10% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated hydroxyalkyl-functional compounds(f) 0-0.

Abstract: Aqueous copolymer dispersions suitable for use in the manufacture of adhesives or as binding agents or as coating substances are produced by the emulsion polymerization of from 1 to 50% by weight of ethylene and from 99 to 50% by weight of vinyl monomers. With the process of the invention, in which, as vinyl monomers, vinyl chloride and, if desired, other ethylenically-unsaturated monomers, for example esters, are used, a higher ethylene content in the copolymer can be obtained at a lower pressure than hitherto. For this purpose, the greater part of the vinyl monomers is metered in and, in addition, an inert organic substance is used.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of a readily dispersible, pourable dispersion powder comprising emulsion polymerizing in the presence of a free radial initiator a mixture of 1 to 50% by weight of ethylene and 99 to 50% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated comonomer phase comprising at least one member of the group consisting of (a) 60 to 100% by weight of vinyl chloride, (b) 0 to 40% by weight of monoethylically unsaturated, oil-soluble monomers, (c) 0 to 10% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated water-soluble monomers having functional groups and (d) 0 to 5% by weight of oil-soluble monomers that are monoethylenically unsaturated and have functional groups or are multiple ethylenically unsaturated and optionally a protective colloid and/or emulsifier at an ethylene pressure of 10 to 150 bar to obtain an aqueous dispersion of a vinyl chloride-ethyelene copolymer, optionally adding to the aqueous dispersion (e) 0 to 40% by weight, based on the VCE-polymer, of at least one water-soluble substance

Abstract: A process for the preparation of finely-divided aqueous copolymer dispersions with a solids content of 10 to 70% by weight, based on the dispersion, comprising emulsion polymerizing (a) 1 to 50% by weight of ethylene and (b) 99 to 50% by weight of at least two ethylenically unsaturated comonomers in the presence of a free-radial initiator and at least one member of the group consisting of emulsifier and a protective colloid and optionally present conventional adjuvants, the ethylenically unsaturataed comonomers being (b1) 79.5 to 99.5% by weight of vinyl chloride, (b2) 0 to 15% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated oil-soluble monomers, (b3) 0.

Abstract: An aqueous adhesive dispersion containing, based on the total weight of the dispersion, 40 to 65% by weight of a copolymer formed by radical copolymerization of ethylene, acrylic esters having alkyl groups of 4 to 12 carbon atoms, vinyl acetate, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated hydroxyalkyl functional compounds, (meth-)-acrylamide and, optionally, other mono- or poly-ethylenically unsaturated compounds, using emulsion polymerization and having a glass-transition temperature of from -20.degree. to -60.degree. C. and a K value of from 50 to 180 characterized in that the copolymer was produced from:(a) 5 to 25% by weight of ethylene,(b) 95 to 75% by weight of comonomer mixture comprising(b1) 40 to 64% by weight of acrylic ester(s),(b2) 33 to 55% by weight of vinyl acetate,(b3) 1 to 5% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids,(b4) 1 to 8% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated hydroxyalkyl functional compounds,(b5) 0.05 to 0.

Abstract: A process for the production of an emulsion polymerization aqueous copolymer dispersion with a solids contents of 45-55% by weight of(a) 75 to 95 parts by weight of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid alkyl esters of 1 to 10 carbon atoms of which 20 to 80% by weight have a water solubility of at most 2 g/l and 20 to 80% by weight a water solubility of at least 10 g/l(b) 5 to 25 parts by weight of a mixture of ethylenically-unsaturated, functional and water-soluble monomers, 25 to 100% by weight thereof consisting of unsaturated carboxylic acids.(c) 500 to 1700 parts by weight of a mixture of 70 to 100% by weight of vinyl chloride, 0 to 30% by weight of at least one vinyl ester of saturated carboxylic acids of 2 to 18 carbon atoms and 0 to 1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aqueous solutions of N-methylol-acrylamide and/or N-methylol-methacrylamide comprising forming a homogeneous mixture of aqueous solution of formaldehyde and aqueous solution of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and passing the homogeneous mixture through an ion-exchange resin bed based on a styrene-divinylbenzene polymer with tertiary amino groups at an elevated temperature so that the reaction is at least 80% theoretically completed when the mixture issues from the bed, characterized in that the ion exchanger is initially in the form of its free base, the initial temperature and velocity of the homogeneous mixture being adjusted to maintain the bed temperature between 35.degree. and 60.degree. C. and continuing the passage of the homogeneous mixture through the exchanger bed until the bed temperature drops and/or the pH of the exiting solution is below 8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbonic acid esters of mono- or polyalcohols, which is characterized in that urethanes are reacted with monoalcohols or with polyalcohols in a molar ratio of alcohol to urethane group of at least 1 to 1, in the presence of a catalyst, at reaction temperatures of between 120.degree. C. and 270.degree. C.The present invention thus also relates to a process for the preparation of oligocarbonates and of polycarbonates, which is characterized in that monourethanes or bisurethanes are reacted with primary dialcohols in a molar ratio of about 1.5:1 to about 1:1.5, together with monoalcohols, in the presence of catalysts, at reaction temperatures of between 120.degree. C. and 270.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbonic acid esters of monoalcohols or polyalcohols, which is characterized in that ureas are reacted with monoalcohols or with polyalcohols in the molar ratio of at least 1:2, in the presence of a catalyst, at reaction temperatures between 120.degree. C. and 270.degree. C.Accordingly, the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of oligocarbonates and polycarbonates, which is characterized in that ureas are reacted with primary dialcohols in the molar ratio of about 1.5:1 to about 1:1.5, together with monoalcohols, in the presence of catalysts at reaction temperatures between 120.degree. C. and 270.degree. C.

Abstract: A system for controlling an articulated loading arm which is mounted on a loading station, and for moving an outer end of the arm into a position above the rail of a tanker moored adjacent the loading station. The system includes a sensor for developing a signal proportional to the height of the tanker rail relative to the loading station, and another sensor for developing a signal proportional to the distance between the tanker and the loading station. The rail height signal and the tanker distance signal are coupled to a computer that develops an output signal which causes the outer end of the loading arm to move into a predetermined position above the tanker rail.

Abstract: An articulated arm is described which comprises an articulated product tube permittedly connected in use to a fixed product conduit. A product tube support is connected to and pivotal about substantially the same axes of the product tube and one or more counterweights is mounted on and movable with the product tube support so as to balance the weight of the product tube and the support. In order to allow for thermal expansion of the product tube, the product tube support member is connected adjacent its outboard end to the product tube by connection which allows for relative movement between the support and the tube. The tube may be connected to a plate slidably received in a recess in a member mounted on the product tube support.

Abstract: A system for sensing the position in space of the outer end of an articulated fluid loading arm while it is connected to a marine tanker or other transport vessel, and sounding an alarm if the arm's operating envelope is exceeded. The sensing system includes means for determining various angles representative of the orientation of the booms or limbs of the arm, and means for deriving from these angles an indication of the spatial location of the arm's outer end.