Abstract: A method involving collecting a first geochemical data set for a first plurality of produced water samples; collecting a second plurality of produced water samples; performing geochemical analyses on the second plurality of produced water samples to form a second geochemical data set; and combining the first and second geochemical data sets into a database. The method further includes determining, by a subject matter expert, a water type for each produced water sample in the database and training a machine-learned model with the database to predict the water type of a produced water sample given its geochemical data. The method further includes collecting a third plurality of produced water samples, performing geochemical analysis on the third plurality of produced water samples, and determining, with the trained machine-learned model, the water type for each produced water sample in the third plurality of produced water samples using the third geochemical data set.

Abstract: Described is a method for detecting trace metal anomalies in soil. Soil samples are collected from an area of interest. The soil samples are prepared such that particle size and moisture content of each soil sample is normalized. An extraction solution having an amount of a carboxylic acid, an amount of a chelating agent, and an amount of a strong base is prepared. Using the extraction solution, a soil extract is obtained from each soil sample. Using a spectral instrument, a spectral analysis of each soil extract is performed to detect a chemical element. Based on the spectral analysis, presence of a hydrocarbon microseepage in the area of interest is determined.

Abstract: A method to assess reservoir continuity between single wells in an oilfield formation within a region with several petroleum reservoirs, including the steps: collecting water samples from each of the single wells, obtaining the geochemical composition of each of the water samples, obtaining a dataset from the geochemical compositions of the single wells, analyzing the dataset using principal component analysis to obtain principal components of the dataset, clustering the principal components to obtain clusters, identifying hydrodynamic groups from the clusters, assigning the wells to hydrodynamic groups, wherein wells within one single hydrodynamic group are considered to be hydraulically communicated.

Abstract: A method for determining exploration potential of a prospect oil field includes determining microseepage at the prospect oil field by performing sequential extraction of trace elements (TE) and/or heavy metals (HM) from soil samples obtained at substantially surface level of the prospect oil field and dry and proven fields, visualizing results of the sequential extraction in isoline maps, using statistical clustering based on a machine learning model to detect concentration anomalies of the extracted trace elements (TE) and/or heavy metals (HM) in the isoline maps of the visualized results, correlating detected concentration anomalies among the prospect, dry and proven fields, and recommending for or against exploration of the prospect oil field depending on whether the concentration anomalies of the prospect field correlate with those of the proven field or the dry field.

Abstract: A method involving collecting a first geochemical data set for a first plurality of produced water samples; collecting a second plurality of produced water samples; performing geochemical analyses on the second plurality of produced water samples to form a second geochemical data set; and combining the first and second geochemical data sets into a database. The method further includes determining, by a subject matter expert, a water type for each produced water sample in the database and training a machine-learned model with the database to predict the water type of a produced water sample given its geochemical data. The method further includes collecting a third plurality of produced water samples, performing geochemical analysis on the third plurality of produced water samples, and determining, with the trained machine-learned model, the water type for each produced water sample in the third plurality of produced water samples using the third geochemical data set.

Abstract: A method to assess reservoir continuity between single wells in an oilfield formation within a region with several petroleum reservoirs, including the steps: collecting water samples from each of the single wells, obtaining the geochemical composition of each of the water samples, obtaining a dataset from the geochemical compositions of the single wells, analyzing the dataset using principal component analysis to obtain principal components of the dataset, clustering the principal components to obtain clusters, identifying hydrodynamic groups from the clusters, assigning the wells to hydrodynamic groups, wherein wells within one single hydrodynamic group are considered to be hydraulically communicated.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, sulfate ions may be removed from seawater to form an injection fluid by a method including passing the seawater and formation water to a mixing tank. The seawater may comprise sulfate ions. The formation water may comprise barium ions. The seawater and formation water may be passed to the mixing tank in a ratio determined by a computerized geochemical model. The method may further include mixing the seawater and formation water to form a mixed fluid and passing the mixed fluid to a clarifier, where a barium sulfate precipitate may be formed and at least a portion of the barium sulfate precipitate may be separated from the mixed fluid. The method may further include passing the mixed fluid to a microfiltration system, where at least a portion of the barium sulfate precipitate may be removed from the mixed fluid to form an injection fluid.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, sulfate ions may be removed from seawater to form an injection fluid by a method including passing the seawater and formation water to a mixing tank. The seawater may comprise sulfate ions. The formation water may comprise barium ions. The seawater and formation water may be passed to the mixing tank in a ratio determined by a computerized geochemical model. The method may further include mixing the seawater and formation water to form a mixed fluid and passing the mixed fluid to a clarifier, where a barium sulfate precipitate may be formed and at least a portion of the barium sulfate precipitate may be separated from the mixed fluid. The method may further include passing the mixed fluid to a microfiltration system, where at least a portion of the barium sulfate precipitate may be removed from the mixed fluid to form an injection fluid.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, sulfate ions may be removed from seawater to form an injection fluid by a method including passing the seawater and formation water to a mixing tank. The seawater may comprise sulfate ions. The formation water may comprise barium ions. The seawater and formation water may be passed to the mixing tank in a ratio determined by a computerized geochemical model. The method may further include mixing the seawater and formation water to form a mixed fluid and passing the mixed fluid to a clarifier, where a barium sulfate precipitate may be formed and at least a portion of the barium sulfate precipitate may be separated from the mixed fluid. The method may further include passing the mixed fluid to a microfiltration system, where at least a portion of the barium sulfate precipitate may be removed from the mixed fluid to form an injection fluid.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, sulfate ions may be removed from seawater to form an injection fluid by a method including passing the seawater and formation water to a mixing tank. The seawater may comprise sulfate ions. The formation water may comprise barium ions. The seawater and formation water may be passed to the mixing tank in a ratio determined by a computerized geochemical model. The method may further include mixing the seawater and formation water to form a mixed fluid and passing the mixed fluid to a clarifier, where a barium sulfate precipitate may be formed and at least a portion of the barium sulfate precipitate may be separated from the mixed fluid. The method may further include passing the mixed fluid to a microfiltration system, where at least a portion of the barium sulfate precipitate may be removed from the mixed fluid to form an injection fluid.