Abstract: A process for purifying a crude composition includes a monoterpene compound selected from the group consisting of monocyclic monoterpene alcohols, monocyclic monoterpene ketones, bicyclic epoxy monoterpenes and mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds, such as preferably a monocyclic monoterpene alcohol. The process comprises performing a layer crystallization with a melt of the crude composition, and the melt of the crude composition subjected to the layer crystallization includes oxygen-containing solvent in a concentration of 20 ppm to 2% by weight. The oxygen-containing solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, C1-6-alcohols, C1-6-carboxylic acids, C1-6-ketones, C1-6-aldehydes, C1-12-ethers, C1-12-esters and mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned solvents.

Abstract: A process for purifying a crude composition includes a monoterpene compound selected from the group consisting of monocyclic monoterpene alcohols, monocyclic monoterpene ketones, bicyclic epoxy monoterpenes and mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds, such as preferably a monocyclic monoterpene alcohol. The process comprises performing a layer crystallization with a melt of the crude composition, and the melt of the crude composition subjected to the layer crystallization includes oxygen-containing solvent in a concentration of 20 ppm to 2% by weight. The oxygen-containing solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, C1-6-alcohols, C1-6-carboxylic acids, C1-6-ketones, C1-6-aidehydes, C1-12-ethers, C1-12-esters and mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned solvents.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a polyester from cyclic ester monomer comprises the steps of: a) providing a cyclic ester, b) polymerizing the cyclic ester in the presence of a catalyst and optionally an initiator in a reactor to form a reaction mixture comprising polyester and unreacted cyclic ester, wherein after the polymerization at least one polymerization inhibitor is added to the reaction mixture, wherein the polymerization inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of monoimines, diimines, mono alkyl phosphates according to the formula RPO4H2, wherein R is a C6-16 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, di alkyl phosphates according to the formula R2PO4H, wherein each R is independently a C6-16 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group or a combination thereof, and phosphate esters according to the general formula (I) wherein at least one of R?, R? and R?? has the general structure as in general formula (II) wherein n>0 and Q is independently a C1-16 linear, branched or substituted alkyl group, and R

Abstract: A method for stabilizing a condensed phase composition in a process of manufacturing a polyester from cyclic ester monomer comprising the steps of devolatilizing a reaction mixture, which contains i) at least one polymerizable cyclic ester, ii) at least one catalyst and optionally at least one initiator, to produce a vapor stream and a molten residue, wherein the vapor stream includes mainly i) the at least one polymerizable cyclic ester and ii) the at least one catalyst and/or the at least one initiator and/or a reaction product or a residue of the at least one catalyst and/or the at least one initiator and condensing the vapor stream to form the condensed phase composition, wherein at least one polymerization inhibitor is added as stabilizer to the reaction mixture and/or to the condensed phase composition in an amount so that the degree of conversion of the polymerizable cyclic ester in the condensed phase composition is not more than 15%, wherein the degree of conversion is 100?(c0?CF)/c0, wherein c0 is t

Abstract: A liquid mixing collector includes first and second sump zones, a first and optionally a second liquid collection region, first and second interspersed sets of spaced apart liquid collection channels positioned in the first liquid collection region, the first and second sets of collection channels being associated with the first and second respective sump zones, wherein adjacent liquid collection channel sets are vertically displaced in parallel horizontal planes. The invention also relates to the process of using the collector within a heat or mass transfer column.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a polyester from cyclic ester monomer comprises the steps of: a) providing a cyclic ester, b) polymerizing the cyclic ester in the presence of a catalyst and optionally an initiator in a reactor to form a reaction mixture comprising polyester and unreacted cyclic ester, wherein after the polymerization at least one polymerization inhibitor is added to the reaction mixture, wherein the polymerization inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of monoimines, diimines, mono alkyl phosphates according to the formula RPO4H2, wherein R is a C6-16 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, di alkyl phosphates according to the formula R2PO4H, wherein each R is independently a C6-16 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group or a combination thereof, and phosphate esters according to the general formula (I) wherein at least one of R?, R? and R?? has the general structure as in general formula (II) wherein n>0 and Q is independently a C1-16 linear, branched or substituted alkyl group, and R

Abstract: A method for stabilizing a condensed phase composition in a process of manufacturing a polyester from cyclic ester monomer comprising the steps of devolatilizing a reaction mixture, which contains i) at least one polymerizable cyclic ester, ii) at least one catalyst and optionally at least one initiator, to produce a vapor stream and a molten residue, wherein the vapor stream includes mainly i) the at least one polymerizable cyclic ester and ii) the at least one catalyst and/or the at least one initiator and/or a reaction product or a residue of the at least one catalyst and/or the at least one initiator and condensing the vapor stream to form the condensed phase composition, wherein at least one polymerization inhibitor is added as stabilizer to the reaction mixture and/or to the condensed phase composition in an amount so that the degree of conversion of the polymerizable cyclic ester in the condensed phase composition is not more than 15%, wherein the degree of conversion is 100? (c0?CF)/c0, wherein c0 is

Abstract: A liquid mixing collector 1 is disclosed which comprises a first and a second sump zone, 10, 20, a first and optionally a second liquid collection region, 40, 50, a first and a second interspersed set, 60, 70, of spaced apart liquid collection channels 80 positioned in a first liquid collection region 40; said first set 60 being associated with said first sump zone 10; said second set 70 being associated with said second sump zone 20; wherein adjacent liquid collection channels 80 of the first and second sets, 60, 70, are vertically displaced from each other in one of at least two to four parallel horizontal planes 100. The present invention also relates to a column comprising said collector 1, the use of said collector 1 in a mass transfer or heat exchange column, and a method of collecting and mixing descending liquid in a column.

Abstract: A method and an inkjet printing device for single pass printing on an ink-receiver having a surface includes a plurality of sets of nozzles for jetting N inks on the surface, wherein N is larger than or equal to one, the N inks including a first ink, and wherein the plurality of sets of nozzles includes a first and a second set of nozzles for jetting the first ink; the device further including a radiation curing device arranged to cure the first ink when jetted on the surface by the first set of nozzles, wherein the radiation curing device is positioned between the first set of nozzles and the second set of nozzles.

Abstract: A method and an inkjet printing device for single pass printing on an ink-receiver having a surface includes a plurality of sets of nozzles for jetting N inks on the surface, wherein N is larger than or equal to one, the N inks including a first ink, and wherein the plurality of sets of nozzles includes a first and a second set of nozzles for jetting the first ink; the device further including a radiation curing device arranged to cure the first ink when jetted on the surface by the first set of nozzles, wherein the radiation curing device is positioned between the first set of nozzles and the second set of nozzles.

Abstract: A radiation curable inkjet printing method for producing printed flexible foils and plastic bags wherein a web-like polymeric substrate having a maximum value for Tan ? between 40° C. and 110° C. and a surface energy Ssub is printed upon using a single pass inkjet printer with a non-aqueous radiation curable inkjet liquid having a surface tension SLiq, wherein SLiq is smaller than Ssub by at least 4 mN/m, and curing the radiation curable liquid on the substrate at a surface temperature equal or higher than the temperature of the maximum value for Tan ? and smaller than the melting point of the polymeric recording medium. A single pass inkjet printer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A single pass inkjet printing method includes the steps of: a) providing a radiation curable inkjet ink set containing at least a first and a second radiation curable inkjet ink having a dynamic surface tension of no more than 30 mN/m measured by maximum bubble pressure tensiometry at a surface age of 50 ms and at 25° C.; b) jetting a first radiation curable inkjet ink on an ink-jet ink-receiver moving at a printing speed of at least 35 m/min.; c) at least partially curing the first inkjet ink on the ink receiver within the range of 40 to 500 ms after the first inkjet ink landed on the ink receiver; d) jetting a second radiation curable inkjet ink on the at least partially cured first inkjet ink; and e) at least partially curing the second inkjet ink within the range of 40 to 500 ms after the second inkjet ink landed on the first inkjet ink.

Abstract: Methods of forming polycarbonate graft copolymers are provided. In particular, a polycarbonate polymer or copolymer containing allyl groups provides the backbone for the graft copolymer, and pendant chains are attached to the copolymer through the allyl groups. The graft copolymers exhibit a combination of high transparency, good graft levels, good scratch resistance, and/or good anti-fog properties.

Abstract: A radiation curable inkjet printing method for producing printed flexible foils and plastic bags wherein a web-like polymeric substrate having a maximum value for Tan ? between 40° C. and 110° C. and a surface energy Ssub is printed upon using a single pass inkjet printer with a non-aqueous radiation curable inkjet liquid having a surface tension SLiq, wherein SLiq is smaller than Ssub by at least 4 mN/m, and curing the radiation curable liquid on the substrate at a surface temperature equal or higher than the temperature of the maximum value for Tan ? and smaller than the melting point of the polymeric recording medium. A single pass inkjet printer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing a membrane to be assembled in a membrane, electrode assembly includes the step of swelling an ion-conducting membrane in a liquid containing at least one solvent or to an atmosphere containing the vapor phase of at least one solvent by controlling the content of the solvent in the ion-conducting membrane. A method for manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly using an ion conducting membrane includes the steps of: providing an ion-conducting membrane in a pre-swollen state; coating the ion-conducting membrane on both sides with an electrode layer to form a sandwich; and hot-pressing the sandwich to form an ion-conducting bonding of the layers of the sandwich. Furthermore, a membrane electrode assembly is disclosed including a hot pressed sandwich having an electrode layer, a ion-conducting membrane and again an electrode layer, thereby using the ion-conducting membrane in its pre-swollen status prior to the hot-pressing.

Abstract: A single pass inkjet printing method includes the steps of: a) providing a radiation curable inkjet ink set containing at least a first and a second radiation curable inkjet ink having a dynamic surface tension of no more than 30 mN/m measured by maximum bubble pressure tensiometry at a surface age of 50 ms and at 25° C.; b) jetting a first radiation curable inkjet ink on an ink-jet ink-receiver moving at a printing speed of at least 35 m/min.; c) at least partially curing the first inkjet ink on the ink receiver within the range of 40 to 500 ms after the first inkjet ink landed on the ink receiver; d) jetting a second radiation curable inkjet ink on the at least partially cured first inkjet ink; and e) at least partially curing the second inkjet ink within the range of 40 to 500 ms after the second inkjet ink landed on the first inkjet ink.

Abstract: An ink supply system for an industrial inkjet printer makes use of a least one buffer vessel wherein ink at low pressure is isolated and pressurized to a high pressure suited for feeding the ink to the printhead. A recirculation ink supply system using plural buffer vessels is suited for repressurizing the ink without the use of a pump. The system avoids generation of gas bubbles due to cavitation which are present in systems using a pump for repressurizing ink.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polycarbonate polymer comprising: an isosorbide unit, and an aliphatic unit different from the isosorbide unit, wherein the isosorbide unit and aliphatic unit are each carbonate, or a combination of carbonate and ester units and the aliphatic unit is derived from an aliphatic oligomer having a molecular weight of 900 to 4000.

Abstract: Methods of forming polycarbonate graft copolymers are provided. In particular, a polycarbonate polymer or copolymer containing allyl groups provides the backbone for the graft copolymer, and pendant chains are attached to the copolymer through the allyl groups. The graft copolymers exhibit a combination of high transparency, good graft levels, good scratch resistance, and/or good anti-fog properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of forming carbamates, ureas, and isocyanates. In certain embodiments these methods include the step of reacting an amine with an ester-substituted diaryl carbonate to form an activated carbamate which can be further derivatized to form non-activated carbamate or a urea. The urea or carbamate can be subjected to a pyrolysis reaction to form isocyanate.