Abstract: A method of treating cooling circuit water of industrial plants (2) contaminated with organic substances and inorganic particles, comprises the following steps: a) separating the organic substances and inorganic particles from the cooling circuit water to obtain precleaned cooling circuit water; b) cooling the precleaned cooling circuit water by an open cooling tower (11) to obtain cooled precleaned cooling circuit water; c) desalinating at least a partial volume flow of the cooled precleaned cooling circuit water by an desalination plant (14) to obtain cleaned cooling circuit water; and d) adding bacteria capable of degrading organic substances present in the cooling circuit water. The bacteria are added to the cooling circuit water before the separation in accordance with step a), before the cooling in accordance with step b) and/or before the desalination in accordance with step c), to form a biological cleaning stage.

Abstract: In a double-pipe heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas, the double pipes are inserted in rows into oval pipe collectors (3), and several oval pipe collectors (3), arranged parallel to each other, are joined into a tight floor (5) which forms the upper cap of the gas entry cone. The floor (5) has a cylindrical flange collar (6) fastened to it, which is connected to a ring flange (9) attached to the gas entry cone. The gas entry cone is provided on the inside with a lining (11) whose inner contour (13) forms a central interior space (12) which widens in the direction of the floor (5). This lining (11) of the gas entry cone continues into the flange collar (6), and the inner contour (13) of the lining (11) continues all the way to the floor (5).

Abstract: A waste heat boiler for cooling hot syngas in heat exchange with water under boiling pressure, consists of an outer pressure shell (1) having a water space (2) filled with boiling water up to a predetermined fluid level (4) and a steam space (3) above it. In the water space (2), heat exchanger tubes (5) are arranged, through which the syngas to be cooled flows. Downstream from the heat exchanger tubes (5) is a superheater for superheating the saturated steam generated by the boiling water. This superheater is positioned at least partially in the steam space (3) above the fluid level (4) and has straight tubes (7), through which the syngas coming from the heat exchanger tubes (5) flows and around which the steam exiting from the water space (2) circulates.

Abstract: In a double-pipe heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas, the double pipes are inserted in rows into oval pipe collectors (3), and several oval pipe collectors (3), arranged parallel to each other, are joined into a tight floor (5) which forms the upper cap of the gas entry cone. The floor (5) has a cylindrical flange collar (6) fastened to it, which is connected to a ring flange (9) attached to the gas entry cone. The gas entry cone is provided on the inside with a lining (11) whose inner contour (13) forms a central interior space (12) which widens in the direction of the floor (5). This lining (11) of the gas entry cone continues into the flange collar (6), and the inner contour (13) of the lining (11) continues all the way to the floor (5).

Abstract: A waste heat boiler for cooling hot syngas in heat exchange with water under boiling pressure, consists of an outer pressure shell (1) having a water space (2) filled with boiling water up to a predetermined fluid level (4) and a steam space (3) above it. In the water space (2), heat exchanger tubes (5) are arranged, through which the syngas to be cooled flows. Downstream from the heat exchanger tubes (5) is a superheater for superheating the saturated steam generated by the boiling water. This superheater is positioned at least partially in the steam space (3) above the fluid level (4) and has straight tubes (7), through which the syngas coming from the heat exchanger tubes (5) flows and around which the steam exiting from the water space (2) circulates.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with a connection that connects an uncooled pipe to several cooled pipes. The connection (3) has a cylindrical intake section that communicates with the uncooled pipe (2) and merges into an outward-tapering terminating section (9. The terminating section encloses several gas-conveying channels. Each gas-conveying channel extends out of the intake section coaxial to one of the cooled pipes (4). The gas-conveying channels (10) branch out in the shape of a star from the connection's intake section (8). The cooled pipes are inserted into a base (6) and arrayed along a segment of a circle. The gas-conveying channels are arrayed along the same segment.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (2) for cooling a hot process gas produced in a process gas generator (1) or a reactor is equipped with several cooling tubes (11), each of which is surrounded by an outer tube (12). Each cooling tube (11) and each outer tube (12) is welded at both ends to one water chamber (13, 14) each for feeding and draining of a cooling medium. The water chamber (13, 14) consists of a solid, strip-shaped piece into which, depending on the number of cooling tubes (11), circular wells (15) are introduced at a certain distance from one another. Each well (15) surrounds a cooling tube (11) and has a diameter equal to or larger than the inside diameter of the outer tube (12). The well (15) has a thin circular floor (16) of slight residual thickness in the area of the tube ends of the cooling tubes (11). A horizontal transfer line (4) carrying the hot process gas is connected to the the process gas generator (1).

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas with several cooling pipes (4), each accommodated in an outer pipe (6). The cooling pipes are welded at each end to a water chamber (7 & 8) that supplies and receives a coolant. Each water chamber is in the form of a straight and solid component with separated round depressions (11) in it. Each depression accommodates a single cooling pipe. The diameter of the depression is as long as or longer than the inside diameter of the outer pipe. The depression has an annular base (12) with thinner residual walls in the vicinity of the ends of the cooling pipe. The straight and solid components that comprise the water chamber consist of individual sections (7.1, 7.2. & 7.3 and 8.1, 8.2, & 8.3), each with a single depression that accommodates a cooling pipe which are all fastened together.

Abstract: A joint between a hot and unrefrigerated pipe (1) and a refrigerated pipe (2). The end of the unrefrigerated pipe is bifurcated in cross-section, leaving two sections joined at one end. The exterior section (6) is fastened tight to the refrigerated pipe (2). The interior section (5) extends into the refrigerated pipe leaving a radial and axial gap. The cylindrical space between the interior and the exterior section is full of heat insulation. There is a flexible component, an O ring (13) for instance, between, and resting tight against, the face of the refrigerated pipe and that of the interior section of the unrefrigerated pipe. The insulation comprises an axial series of layers (10, 11, & 12), each with a different heat conductivity.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling cracked gas. At least one cooling pipe (4) is enclosed in an outer pipe (6). Both pipes are welded at each end to a water compartment (7 & 8). The water compartment supplies and removes a coolant. Each water compartment comprises a solid strip with as many separated and circular depressions (11) introduced into it as there are cooling pipes. Each depression surrounds a cooling pipe. The diameter of each depression equals or exceeds the inside diameter of the outer pipe. Each depression has a thin annular floor (12) with a slight residual thickness in the vicinity of the ends of the cooling pipes.

Abstract: Water compartment for a heat exchanger (1) for cooling hot gases, with a jacket (5) and a thinner pipe slab (6) that rests on a thicker pipe slab (7) by way of the jacket and of anchor pipes (8), whereby the anchor pipes are accommodated in the jacket and fastened to the slab and whereby gas pipes (13) extend through the anchor pipes leaving a cylindrical space, characterized in that the gas pipes are elongated and extend beyond the thinner pipe slab, in that their elongated ends (14) are reversed outside, in that the reversed ends (15) are fastened tight to the thinner pipe slab radially remote from the anchor pipes, and in that bores (17) extend through an annular area of the thinner pipe slab between the reversed ends of the gas pipes and the anchor pipes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling hot reaction gas with a coolant. The exchanger rests on a gas-supply chamber (4) and has gas pipes (8). The pipes extend individually out of a wall (1) that surrounds the pipes and are accommodated in a pipe-slab floor (6) between the wall and the chamber. The pipes extend through bores (20) in the floor leaving an annular gap (21). At least one coolant-supply line (9) terminates on the side of the floor facing away from where the gas enters. Chambers (12) demarcated by a flat bottom (15), by a partition (13) that parallels the pipes, and by part of a wall-mounted ring (14) are accommodated in the half of the floor facing the side where the gas enters. The chambers communicate with a common coolant supply. One or more gas pipes (8) extends through every such chamber. The ring is positioned at the edge of the floor and surrounds all the chambers.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling hot reaction gas with a coolant. It rests on a gas-supply compartment (4) and has gas-conveying pipes (9) inside a jacket (1). It is separated from the gas-supply compartment by a tube sheet (6) that accommodates the gas-conveying pipes (9). The pipes extend loosely through the tube sheet, leaving annular gaps (10) and are connected tightly to the tube sheet on the side where the gas enters. The heat exchanger has at least one line (12) for supplying coolant to the side of the tube sheet that faces away from where the gas enters. The diameter of the tube sheet is shorter than that of the jacket. The tube sheet is connected to the lower edge of the jacket by way of an upward-tapering cone (7). The tube sheet is provided with cooling channels (15) that are open at least at one end and communicate with the lines that supply the coolant.

Abstract: A nested-tube heat exchanger with tubes (1) secured at each end in tube plates (3 & 4) for transferring heat between a hot gas that flows through the tubes (1) and a liquid or vaporous contact that flows around the pipes. The tube plates are secured to a jacket (2) that surrounds the nest of tubes. One of the tube plates has parallel cooling channels (7) in the half that faces away from the jacket with coolant flowing through the cooling channels. The tube plate has bores (15) that open into the jacket, communicate with the cooling channels, and concentrically surround the tubes. The tube plate that has the cooling channels is at the gas-intake end of the heat exchanger. The tubes in each row extend through cooling channels. The base (12) of the cooling channels on the side that is impacted by the gas is uniformly thick.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, especially for cooling cracked gas, with a nest of tubes secured between two tube plates (2) and with two terminal chambers (4) adjacent to the tube plates and tapering toward a connector (5). The intake-end chamber accommodates inserts. The inserts consist of rods bent into round or polygonal, concentrically positioned rings (7). The rings are positioned away from the tube plate in alignment with the intake-end connector in an area that essentially equals the connector's cross-section.

Abstract: The end of the uncooled pipe (1) is forked in cross-section, creating an inner and an outer section (5 and 6). The outer section is secure to a cooled pipe (2) and the inner section extends into the cooled pipe with radial and axial play. The annular gap (13) between the inner and outer sections is occupied by a heat-insulating material.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is especially for cooling cracked gases with boiling water. It consists of pipes (1) that the gas to be cooled flows through and that are surrounded by a cooling jacket with a coolant flowing through it. The end of each pipe that faces the gas intake is surrounded by a sleeve. The coolant flows through the sleeve. The volume of coolant flowing through the sleeve is less than the heat supplied from the gas being cooled. (FIG. 1).

Abstract: The gas-conveying pipes (8) of a heat exchanger employed to cool cracked gas are surrounded by and communicate with outer pipes (9). The outer pipes are welded into pipe slabs (4 and 5) and not only a convey a coolant but also secure the pipe slabs (4 and 5), which can accordingly by thin.