Abstract: A nanoparticle composed of buckminsterfullerene bonded to glutamine, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and adenosine triphosphate is provided. This nanoparticle helps to regulate the energy metabolism, neural excitability, and signal transduction within the synapse and between the astrocytes and the neuronal networks of the human brain when these become dysfunctional. It is intended as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body disease and other neuropathological diseases of the glutamine-glutamate-GABA cycle. Utility for remediating comorbid sexual dysfunction is promoted, as well as the antioxidant and protein oligomer disassembly properties. The adenosine triphosphate adduct provides a reversible inorganic phosphate energy storage and supply, the glutamine adduct provides a stable reservoir of this amino acid that is resistant to breakdown by reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and astrocytes.

Abstract: A nanoparticle composed of buckminsterfullerene bonded to histidine, carnosine, and ferrous or gallous divalent metal (M) fumarate to from a molecular composition of C60-HIS-CAR-M-FUM is provided. This composition when complexed with iron is used as a treatment for hyperuricemia and gout to normalize uric acid removal from the blood and treat progressive kidney dysfunction. This composition when complexed with gallium is used to block the uptake of iron in the treatment of cancers and tumors, and by acting as a proton shuttle, primarily through histidine and C60, to help inhibit glycolysis in the Warburg effect. The composition may be administered as an oral solid formulation or as a liquid formulation.

Abstract: Methods of geoengineering are provided to create shade by reflecting solar radiation into space to mitigate global warming, as well as reduce storm severity, and other applications. These methods rely on dispersing hollow silicate microspheres into the atmosphere, or into orbit, by aircraft or rocket, where the silicate microspheres can optionally comprise additions of one of boron or sodium, or both. Silicate microspheres manufactured on the Moon can be delivered to Earth or L1 orbit as an alternative to lofting from Earth’s surface. Hollow silicate microspheres are more than 6 times the size of comparable solid SRM particles. This method substantially improves reflectivity, solar-powered lofting, and, in the presence of liquid water aerosols, the greater surface area enables improved carbon dioxide capture.

Abstract: A first derivative of a fullerene is covalently bonded to an adenosine phosphate such as adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, or cyclic adenosine monophosphate. A second fullerene is covalently bonded to a second type of functional group including amines of arginine and lysine. The second fullerene is then van-der-Waals bonded to the first fullerene, to form a biaxially pivoting fullerene molecular composition. This composition can be treated to intercalate and carry a drug or an antibody for later release by directed irradiation. The injected composition with optional drug carrier is electrodynamically activated by irradiation of the injected target organ or tissues by the application of, for example, radio frequency (RF) energy to release the drug and lyse the targeted cells.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition of buckminsterfullerene with gallium phosphonate functional groups is provided to disassemble or make virus particles inert, and to inhibit viral and fungal proteases using catalytic desulfurization. This composition prevents and inactivates novel corona viruses including variant strains of SARS-Cov-2, fungal pathologies such as valley fever, respiratory ailments such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), pneumonia, and arthropod vectored bacterial pathogens such as Lyme disease. The antiviral properties further prevent conditions leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, neoplasms, degenerative malignancy, cancers, and chronic inflammatory diseases. The gallium similarity to iron permits the treatment of osteoporosis, hypertension, and thrombosis by depolymerizing fibrin in the dissolution of clots and restoration of vascular plasticity. The composition can be produced at low temperatures through reactive shear milling.

Abstract: A nanoparticle composition of buckminsterfullerene bonded with epicatechin or a galloyl functional group such as in epigallocatechin gallate, or in tannic acid, is provided that is anti-microbial and efficacious to maintain or re-establish benign healthy cellular homeostasis. In addition, the ability to penetrate hydrophobic malignant microbes via desulfurization is promoted with the addition of phosphonate pendant groups. This further enables the composition to prevent or to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), to penetrate fungal spores, and to penetrate the hydrophobic regions of uncontrolled invasive pathological bacteria. The composition can be produced at low temperatures through reactive shear milling. Delivery methods include ingestion, topical application, topical buccal application, inhalation, or injection when used as a medicament or as a food supplement.

Abstract: A novel dual neurotransmitter nanoparticle composition is provided to store and transport protons and cations into neural cell membranes and to disassemble salt-bridge stabilized toxic protein plaques. These properties function to mitigate cognitive deficits in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, as well as to reduce the severity of Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome, and aging related reactive oxygen species damage by promoting the sequestration and termination of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The composition comprises C60 bonded to one or more gamma amino butyric acid molecules and one or more molecules of either levodopa or dopamine. The composition can be produced at low temperatures through reactive shear milling. This composition therapeutically improves and prophylactically preserves cognitive performance, memory, and mental acuity on aging to promote mental performance and health-span improvement.

Abstract: A novel dual neurotransmitter nanoparticle composition is provided to store and transport protons and cations into neural cell membranes and to disassemble salt-bridge stabilized toxic protein plaques. These properties function to mitigate cognitive deficits in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, as well as to reduce the severity of aging related reactive oxygen species damage by the sequestration and termination of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The composition comprises C60 bonded to one or more glutathione molecules and one or more molecules of either levodopa or dopamine. The composition can be produced at low temperatures through reactive shear milling. This composition therapeutically improves and prophylactically preserves cognitive performance, memory, and mental acuity on aging to promote mental performance and health-span improvement.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition of buckminsterfullerene with saponified phosphorus acid functional groups is provided to disassemble or make virus particles inert, and to inhibit viral and fungal proteases using catalytic desulfurization. This composition is formulated to prevent or to treat novel corona viruses including emerging strains of SARS-Cov-2, as well as fungal pathologies such as valley fever and respiratory ailments such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and pneumonia. Virus particles are implicated in the development of cancers. The antiviral properties further enable the composition to prevent conditions leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, neoplasms, degenerative malignancy, and to help treat chronic inflammatory diseases associated with or leading to induce cancer in virus infected cells. The composition can be produced at low temperatures through reactive shear mixing.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition of buckminsterfullerene with saponified phosphorus acid functional groups is provided to disassemble or make virus particles inert, and to inhibit viral and fungal proteases using catalytic desulfurization. This composition is formulated to prevent or to treat novel corona viruses including emerging strains of SARS-Cov-2, as well as fungal pathologies such as valley fever and respiratory ailments such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and pneumonia. Virus particles are implicated in the development of cancers. The antiviral properties further enable the composition to prevent conditions leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, neoplasms, degenerative malignancy, and to help treat chronic inflammatory diseases associated with or leading to induce cancer in virus infected cells. The composition can be produced at low temperatures through reactive shear mixing.

Abstract: A nanoparticle composition of buckminsterfullerene with ellagic acid is provided that becomes substantially more efficacious to maintain or re-establish benign healthy cellular homeostasis with the functionalization of at least about 10% luteolin. This composition is formulated to prevent or to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). In addition, the ability to penetrate hydrophobic malignant tissues via desulfurization is promoted with the addition of phosphonate pendant groups. This further enables the composition to penetrate fungal spores, the hydrophobic regions of uncontrolled cellular proliferation, neoplasms, degenerative malignancy, and to help treat chronic inflammatory diseases associated with or leading to induce cancer in susceptible cells. The composition can be produced at low temperatures through reactive shear milling. Delivery methods include ingestion, topical application, topical buccal application, inhalation, or injection when used as a medicament or as a food supplement.

Abstract: A dual neurotransmitter nanoparticle composition is provided to store and transport protons and cations across neural cell membranes. This composition mitigates cognitive deficits in neurological pathologies such as autism spectrum disorder and some symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, as well as to reduce the severity of aging related reactive oxygen species damage in ASD and AD brains that are caused by bioenergetic dysfunction. The antioxidant and protein oligomer disassembly properties can also be used to alleviate corneal cataracts. The composition comprises C60 fullerenes bonded to one glutathione molecule and one or more molecules of adenosine triphosphate and can be produced at low temperatures through reactive shear mixing. This composition therapeutically improves and prophylactically preserves cognitive performance, memory, and mental acuity to alleviate deficits arising from bio-electrochemical dysfunction in brain cells.

Abstract: Illumination apparatus, ocular apparatus, and ocular method for treating at least one eye. Illuminator illuminates eyes with 100 lux of monochromatic red light of 640 nm to 690 nm. Illuminator controls progressive myopia leading to excessive axial elongation in a juvenile or to ameliorate macular degeneration in an aging adult. Illuminator provides indirect light or diffuse light. Illuminator provides illuminance values from 2,000 lux to 30,000 lux, with a nominal indirect total combined light exposure of 9000 lux. Illuminator provides greater than 1 lux of monochromatic violet-blue light from 440 nm to 484 nm. Illuminator minimizes light wavelengths from 484 nm to 640 nm, and eliminates light having of wavelengths at or near to 550 nm. Illuminator provides visible display images and invisible illumination, with the invisible illumination being greater than 2 Watts per areal centimeter of invisible, continuous, diffuse non-graphic monochromatic Near Infrared (NIR) light directed at ocular tissues.

Abstract: A hybrid polymer composition can include a polymeric material that has dispersed within it a plurality of photocatalytic particles and a plurality of conductive particles at least some of which are in contact with one or more of the plurality of photocatalytic particles such that the conductive particles provide electron donating and electron accepting properties to the photocatalytic particles to enhance the creation of free radicals upon exposure of the hybrid polymer composition to one or more degradation enhancing factors. Examples of degradation enhancing factors can include, but are not limited to, one or more of visible light, ultraviolet light, moisture, and ozone. The photocatalytic particles can include a metal oxide, such as for example titanium dioxide and/or another non-toxic metal oxide. Related methods, articles, and the like are described.

Abstract: A microwave processing device/system can create strong temperature gradients in biodegradable polymer material. Novel physical phenomena caused by the heated particles cause local changes in viscosity and flow, leading to high mass transport and current densities in activated polymer matrix materials and to dramatically shorter reaction times and solvent-free reaction conditions. Advancements in the process speed and quality of packaging films in general can be achieved by increasing the polymeric amorphous to crystalline ratio, especially with regard to the claimed methods for manufacturing and sealing biodegradable packaging films. Micron-size particles or nanoparticles in the processed materials can interact with microwaves of different frequencies and intensities to create intentionally varied local material property changes to create an tunable flexible packaging product that is sustainable and “green.” Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.

Abstract: A microwave processing device/system can create strong temperature gradients in biodegradable polymer material. Novel physical phenomena caused by the heated particles cause local changes in viscosity and flow, leading to high mass transport and current densities in activated polymer matrix materials and to dramatically shorter reaction times and solvent-free reaction conditions. Advancements in the process speed and quality of packaging films in general can be achieved by increasing the polymeric amorphous to crystalline ratio, especially with regard to the claimed methods for manufacturing and sealing biodegradable packaging films. Micron-size particles or nanoparticles in the processed materials can interact with microwaves of different frequencies and intensities to create intentionally varied local material property changes to create an tunable flexible packaging product that is sustainable and “green.” Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.

Abstract: A microwave processing device/system can create strong temperature gradients in biodegradable polymer material. Novel physical phenomena caused by the heated particles cause local changes in viscosity and flow, leading to high mass transport and current densities in activated polymer matrix materials and to dramatically shorter reaction times and solvent-free reaction conditions. Advancements in the process speed and quality of packaging films in general can be achieved by increasing the polymeric amorphous to crystalline ratio, especially with regard to the claimed methods for manufacturing and sealing biodegradable packaging films. Micron-size particles or nanoparticles in the processed materials can interact with microwaves of different frequencies and intensities to create intentionally varied local material property changes to create an tunable flexible packaging product that is sustainable and “green.” Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.

Abstract: A hybrid polymer composition can include a polymeric material that has dispersed within it a plurality of photocatalytic particles and a plurality of conductive particles at least some of which are in contact with one or more of the plurality of photocatalytic particles such that the conductive particles provide electron donating and electron accepting properties to the photocatalytic particles to enhance the creation of free radicals upon exposure of the hybrid polymer composition to one or more degradation enhancing factors. Examples of degradation enhancing factors can include, but are not limited to, one or more of visible light, ultraviolet light, moisture, and ozone. The photocatalytic particles can include a metal oxide, such as for example titanium dioxide and/or another non-toxic metal oxide. Related methods, articles, and the like are described.

Abstract: A microwave processing device/system can create strong temperature gradients in biodegradable polymer material. Novel physical phenomena caused by the heated particles cause local changes in viscosity and flow, leading to high mass transport and current densities in activated polymer matrix materials and to dramatically shorter reaction times and solvent-free reaction conditions. Advancements in the process speed and quality of packaging films in general can be achieved by increasing the polymeric amorphous to crystalline ratio, especially with regard to the claimed methods for manufacturing and sealing biodegradable packaging films. Micron-size particles or nanoparticles in the processed materials can interact with microwaves of different frequencies and intensities to create intentionally varied local material property changes to create an tunable flexible packaging product that is sustainable and “green.” Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.