Abstract: A method and system for using sonography to image the internal structure of geophysical and geologic models are disclosed. The sonography system includes a wand having a plurality of piezoelectric elements at an active surface thereof, each coupled to driver/receiver circuitry. Certain of the piezoelectric elements are selected as ultrasonic sources and receivers; the source/receiver designation may vary over time, as each of the elements may either generate or receive acoustic energy. A computer system, connected to the wand, receives signals from the receivers corresponding to reflected and refracted ultrasonic energy, and generates a zero offset trace image therefrom. In the geophysical case, the scale model is formed of materials such as plastics and rubbers having the desired properties for simulating the response of a portion or layer in the earth to ultrasonic vibrations.

Abstract: A marine seismic surveying system and method are disclosed. A plurality of receiver arrays, each arranged as groups of receivers (hydrophones or geophones) mounted along a cable, extend from a central location thereamong, and are connected to a platform near the central location. Systems with single and multiple platforms and their associated arrays are disclosed. The arrays each extend from the central location in different directions, preferably in a symmetrical fashion, and have their terminal ends fixed in position by way of an anchor or dynamic positioning means. Position and depth indicating instruments are also preferably mounted in each array, and at other locations in the area so that the receivers may be accurately located. The survey is accomplished by a seismic source traveling along a path which intersects the lines defined by one or more of the seismic arrays at an angle, for example a 45.degree. angle for perpendicularly deployed arrays.

Abstract: A vertical hydrophone array and a system of multiple arrays are disclosed. The vertical hydrophone array includes multiple groups of hydrophones mounted along a cable. A floatation device is coupled to the cable at one end, and an anchor is coupled to the cable at another end via a remotely controllable release. Depth transducers and position transponders are preferably mounted along the cable to provide precise depth and position indication to the surface. The release allows for retrieval of the array while leaving the anchor behind, thus reducing the potential for array damage. In the system including multiple arrays, a central positioning anchor is disclosed, through which tensioning cables pass. Each tensioning cable is connected to the float end of a vertical array, so that tension of the tensioning cable allows for control of the angle of the sensor array from the vertical. A clamp is preferably provided so that the position of the array may be held without maintaining tension thereon from the surface.