Abstract: The invention relates to the direct detection of human papillomavirus MRNA and DNA. The recently developed polymerase chain reaction was modified in order to improve the sensitivity and specificity. By choosing appropriate oligonucleotide primers (amplimers) and reaction temperatures, individual HPV genes from among the total cell DNA can be identified and amplified to an extent such that non-isotopic detection is possible. In addition, use of reverse transcription permits selective amplification of spliced mRNA and thus permits indication of premalignant or malignant conditions and/or lesions.