Abstract: A process for treating biomass comprises providing a material that contains an amount of residual moisture. The material is heated to a torrefying temperature in a low-oxygen atmosphere in a torrefaction reactor to convert it into a torrefied material. The material with the contained residual moisture is essentially fully dried in a drying chamber by evaporation of residual moisture. The torrefaction reactor comprises a torrefying chamber, in which the torrefaction of this dried material is essentially carried out. The material is conveyed through the torrefaction reactor. The drying of the material in the drying chamber is carried out by introducing into it a hot drying gas that flows therethrough cocurrently with the material. The torrefaction of the material in the torrefying chamber of the torrefaction reactor is carried out by introducing into it a hot torrefying gas that flows through the torrefying chamber countercurrently with the material.

Abstract: A scanning confocal transmission electron microscope includes a descan deflector and a corrector below the sample. The microscope uses a detector that is preferably significantly larger than the resolution of the microscope and is positioned in the real image plane, which provides improved contrast, particularly for light elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a blocking member to be placed in the diffraction plane of a TEM. It resembles the knife edge used for single sideband imaging, but blocks only electrons deflected over a small angle. As a result the Contrast Transfer Function of the TEM according to this invention will equal that of a single sideband microscope at low frequencies and that of a normal microscope for high frequencies. Preferable the highest frequency blocked by the blocking member is such that a microscope without the blocking member would show a CTF of 0.5.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hybrid phase plate for use in a TEM. The phase plate according to the invention resembles a Boersch phase plate in which a Zernike phase plate is mounted. As a result the phase plate according to the invention resembles a Boersch phase plate for electrons scattered to such an extent that they pass outside the central structure (15) and resembles a Zernike phase plate for scattered electrons passing through the bore of the central structure. Comparing the phase plate of the invention with a Zernike phase plate is has the advantage that for electrons that are scattered over a large angle, no electrons are absorbed or scattered by a foil, resulting in a better high resolution performance of the TEM. Comparing the phase plate of the invention with a Boersch phase plate the demands for miniaturization of the central structure are less severe.

Abstract: A roof assembly for a vehicle having an opening in the fixed roof comprises a stationary guide rail on at least one side of the roof opening and a slidable slide with an operating mechanism. At least one closure element is supported by the operating mechanism and is adjustable between a closed position, in which it closes the roof opening at least partially, and an open position, in which it releases the roof opening at least partially. Each operating mechanism comprises a laterally extending curve rib and a guide member engaging around the curve rib and being attached to a carrier. The curve rib and carrier of the guide member are each attached to either one of the closure element and the slide and are adapted to slide with respect to each other. The guide member is rotatably attached to the carrier so as to compensate for a variation in inclination between the carrier and curve rib at the position of the guide member.

Abstract: The invention provides multiple detectors that detect electrons that have passed through a sample. The detectors preferably detect electrons after the electrons have been passed through a prism that separates electrons according to their energies. Electrons in different energy ranges are then detected by different detectors, with preferably at least one of the detectors measuring the energy lost by the electrons as they pass through the sample. One embodiment of the invention provides EELS on core-loss electrons while simultaneously providing a bright-field STEM signal from low-loss electrons.

Abstract: An open roof construction for a vehicle comprises a stationary roof part, a roof opening provided therein, and a roof assembly mounted to the stationary roof part, having a panel which is movable between closed and open positions for closing and opening, respectively, said roof opening. A moving mechanism is provided for connecting the movable panel to the stationary roof and moving it with respect thereto, wherein the moving mechanism at least comprises two longitudinal curved parts attached to the movable panel, two stationary guides extending along opposite longitudinal edges of the roof opening and two linking mechanisms for movably linking the stationary guides with the respective curved parts.

Abstract: A sunshade assembly includes a sunscreen having opposed longitudinal edges which are provided with guide strips which are substantially rigid in transverse direction. Opposed longitudinal guiderails each include a guide channel section defining a guide channel in which the respective guide strip is accommodated when the sunscreen is moved between open and closed positions. The guide channel of each guide rail is bound on the side facing the opposite guiderail by a guide flange supporting the lower side of the sunscreen. A part of the guide channel supports the guide strip on its side remote from the sunscreen. A biasing member acts between at least one of the guide strips and the corresponding guide channel section to bias the guide strip at least on its edge adjacent the sunscreen in a direction away from the guide flange.

Abstract: The invention relates to a TEM with a corrector (330) to improve the image quality and a phase plate (340) to improve contrast. The improved TEM comprises a correction system completely placed between the objective lens and the phase plate, and uses the lenses of the corrector to form a magnified image of the diffraction plane on the phase plate.

Abstract: An open roof construction for a vehicle is provided, comprises a roof opening defined in a stationary roof part of the vehicle. A roof assembly having a movable panel for opening and closing said roof opening, of which panel the rear end, as viewed in the longitudinal direction of the car, can be moved upward and downward by a moving mechanism comprising at least a tilting lever having a first end slideably and rotatably engaging the stationary roof part and an opposite second end rotatably engaging the panel, wherein the first end of the tilting lever is drivable by drive means for its sliding motion relative to the stationary roof part and wherein the tilting lever for realising its rotational movement comprises a follower positioned between its first and second ends cooperating with a guide curve.

Abstract: Method and device for cleaning synthesis gas obtained during gasification of biomass are disclosed. The synthesis gas is passed through a saturation device and an absorption device, both of which are fed with oil. In this way, the synthesis gas is scrubbed with oil and tar is substantially removed therefrom. The tar-containing oil which is released in this process is subjected to a cleaning step, as a result of which oil with a high percentage of tar and oil with a relatively low percentage of tar are formed. The first oil can be retuned to the gasification, and the remaining oil can be reused.

Abstract: An open roof construction for a vehicle having a roof opening defined in a stationary roof part includes a roof assembly having a movable panel for opening and closing said roof opening, with a slide which is movable along a stationary slide guide and which is provided with panel engagement device cooperating with a panel curve of the movable panel, wherein a movement of the slide is capable of generating a tilting and/or sliding movement of the panel. The roof assembly further includes a locking lever which by means of a hinge point is connected to the panel and which is provided with slide engagement device cooperating with a slide curve of the slide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for correcting distortions introduced by the projection system (106) of a TEM. As known to the person skilled in the art distortions may limit the resolution of a TEM, especially when making a 3D reconstruction of a feature using tomography. Also when using strain analysis in a TEM the distortions may limit the detection of strain. To this end the invention discloses a detector equipped with multipoles (152), the multipoles warping the image of the TEM in such a way that distortions introduced by the projection system are counteracted. The detector may further include a CCD or a fluorescent screen (151) for detecting the electrons.

Abstract: An electronic wavefront device (10) comprises a controller (32) configured to provide a wavefront rendering signal and at least one wavefront rendering device (12, 14) coupled to said controller. The at least one wavefront rendering device is configured to produce a holographic wavefront on a respective plane of the at least one wavefront rendering device in response to the wavefront rendering signal. The holographic wavefront on the respective plane is configured to reproduce an incoming wavefront that would otherwise be incident on the respective plane if an object or scene being reproduced from the incoming wavefront were actually in front of the at least one wavefront rendering element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hybrid phase plate for use in a TEM. The phase plate according to the invention resembles a Boersch phase plate in which a Zernike phase plate is mounted. As a result the phase plate according to the invention resembles a Boersch phase plate for electrons scattered to such an extent that they pass outside the central structure (15) and resembles a Zernike phase plate for scattered electrons passing through the bore of the central structure. Comparing the phase plate of the invention with a Zernike phase plate is has the advantage that for electrons that are scattered over a large angle, no electrons are absorbed or scattered by a foil, resulting in a better high resolution performance of the TEM. Comparing the phase plate of the invention with a Boersch phase plate the demands for miniaturization of the central structure are less severe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a TEM with a corrector (330) to improve the image quality and a phase plate (340) to improve contrast. The improved TEM comprises a correction system completely placed between the objective lens and the phase plate, and uses the lenses of the corrector to form a magnified image of the diffraction plane on the phase plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for ultrasonic time of flight diffraction inspection of a plastics wall, such as a pipe wall. The method comprises providing an ultrasound transmitter and transmitting an ultrasound signal having a nominal frequency into the wall, providing an ultrasound receiver and receiving the ultrasound signal transmitted through the wall. The ultrasound signal provided by the transmitter has a bandwidth of more than 80%, preferably more than 100% of the nominal frequency of the ultrasound signal provided by the transmitter.

Abstract: A tensioning device for tensioning a flexible elongate member, such as a cord, comprises a first winding member which can rotate around an axle for, directly or indirectly, winding and unwinding the elongate member at a first end thereof, and a second winding member which can rotate around said axle for, directly or indirectly, winding and unwinding the elongate member at the second end thereof. The first and second winding members are interconnected by a tensioning member striving to cause a relative rotation between the first and second winding members for creating a prestress or tension in the elongate member. A restriction device is provided for limiting the maximum possible relative rotation between the first and second winding members.

Abstract: A process for treating biomass comprises providing a material that contains an amount of residual moisture. The material is heated to a torrefying temperature in a low-oxygen atmosphere in a torrefaction reactor to convert it into a torrefied material. The material with the contained residual moisture is essentially fully dried in a drying chamber by evaporation of residual moisture. The torrefaction reactor comprises a torrefying chamber, in which the torrefaction of this dried material is essentially carried out. The material is conveyed through the torrefaction reactor. The drying of the material in the drying chamber is carried out by introducing into it a hot drying gas that flows therethrough cocurrently with the material. The torrefaction of the material in the torrefying chamber of the torrefaction reactor is carried out by introducing into it a hot torrefying gas that flows through the torrefying chamber countercurrently with the material.

Abstract: An open roof construction for a vehicle having a roof opening defined in a stationary roof part includes a roof assembly having a movable panel for opening and closing said roof opening, with a slide which is movable along a stationary slide guide and which is provided with panel engagement device cooperating with a panel curve of the movable panel, wherein a movement of the slide is capable of generating a tilting and/or sliding movement of the panel. The roof assembly further includes a locking lever which by means of a hinge point is connected to the panel and which is provided with slide engagement device cooperating with a slide curve of the slide.