Abstract: A method of generating an aerosol comprising protonated nicotine, the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a nicotine formulation comprising nicotine as free base; (ii) providing a carbon dioxide source capable of providing carbon dioxide in situ; (iii) vaporizing or aerosolizing the nicotine formulation; (iv) providing carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide source, and (v) contacting the carbon dioxide with the vaporized or aerosolized nicotine formulation to thereby protonate nicotine free base and generate an aerosol comprising protonated nicotine.

Abstract: A method of generating an aerosol comprising protonated nicotine, the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a nicotine formulation comprising nicotine as free base; (ii) providing a carbon dioxide source capable of providing carbon dioxide in situ; (iii) vaporizing or aerosolizing the nicotine formulation; (iv) providing carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide source, and (v) contacting the carbon dioxide with the vaporized or aerosolized nicotine formulation to thereby protonate nicotine free base and generate an aerosol comprising protonated nicotine.

Abstract: An aerosolizable formulation having one or more aerosol-forming agents; and nicotine; wherein the nicotine includes (R)-nicotine in an amount of from about 1% to about 4.5% by weight of the total nicotine.

Abstract: A method of generating an aerosol comprising protonated nicotine, the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a nicotine formulation comprising nicotine as free base; (ii) providing a carbon dioxide source capable of providing carbon dioxide in situ; (iii) vaporizing or aerosolizing the nicotine formulation; (iv) providing carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide source, and (v) contacting the carbon dioxide with the vaporized or aerosolized nicotine formulation to thereby protonate nicotine free base and generate an aerosol comprising protonated nicotine.

Abstract: A smokeless oral tobacco product comprises a cyclodextrin or cyclodextrin derivative. Such a product can further comprise a flavourant complexed with the cyclodextrin or derivative thereof. Cyclodextrins or their derivative can be used in smokeless oral tobacco products to complex with molecules which arise or solubilize during use of the product and optionally to also release, e.g., flavour or aroma during use of the product.

Abstract: An interconnecting assembly (100) for a rotor assembly of a dynamoelectric machine is provided. The interconnecting assembly may be part of an electrically conductive path generally extending from a radially inward section of the rotor assembly to a top winding of a stacked winding (128) located at a radially outward section of the rotor assembly. The interconnecting assembly may include a first connecting member (106) connected to a radial lead (104) at the inward section of the rotor assembly. This first connecting member is made up of multiple conductive leaves and includes a flexible bend (108) positioned to provide a resilient-connection relative to at least a radial direction. The interconnecting assembly may further include a second connecting member (124) mechanically connected to the first connecting member by way of the resilient connection. This second connecting member is electrically connected to the first connecting member and to the top winding.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for applying torsional vibration to a rotating machine is provided. In one exemplary embodiment the apparatus includes a permanent magnet machine (12) connected to the rotating machine (22) and configured to generate a three-phase AC output voltage. A converter (36) may be coupled to receive the three-phase AC output voltage from the permanent magnet machine and to supply a DC output voltage. An oscillator (42) is connected to the converter to provide an oscillation signal for modulating the DC output voltage from the converter. The modulating voltage induces an oscillatory torque in the permanent magnet machine (12) that causes torsional vibration in the rotating machine. Various components of the apparatus for applying torsional vibration may be part of a field-deployed power generating system.

Abstract: A method of drilling shot firing holes in the face of a roadway or tunnel by means of a bucket loader on which is displaceably mounted a drilling mast which carries a slidable drill head, with power unit to displace the drill head with respect to the mast connected between the drill head and mast, comprises the steps of:Advancing the mast from a non-active, rearward position towards an active, forward position, by fixing the drill head with respect to the loader and activating the power unit;Fixing the position of the mast with respect to the loader and releasing the drill head and again activating the power unit to advance the drill head with respect to the mast, after drilling as required; andRetracting th drill head by activating the power unit, either as a preparatory step for subsequent advance to drill further holes or alternatively for purposes of retracting the mast, after fixing the drill head in its retracted position with respect to the loader and releasing the mast and again activating the power u