Abstract: Provided herein is a multifunctional particle and methods of forming the same. The multifunctional particle includes a surface of the particle; a first moiety coupled to the surface and having at least one substantially hydrophobic appendage; and a second moiety coupled to the surface and having at least one appendage comprising a reactive functional group and a substantially hydrophilic repeating unit, whereby the particle is substantially superhydrophobic as a result of the substantially hydrophobic appendage, chemically reactive as a result of the reactive functional group, and migratory to a surface of a substantially hydrophobic matrix in which the particle may be included as a result of the substantially hydrophilic repeating unit. Additionally, antimicrobial functional groups may be coupled to the surface.

Abstract: Provided herein is a multifunctional particle and methods of forming the same. The multifunctional particle includes: a silica particle; a hydrophobic silane; and a silane coupling agent; where each of the hydrophobic silane and the silane coupling agent are chemically bonded to the surface of the silica particle; where the multifunctional particle is superhydrophobic and chemically reactive.

Abstract: Provided herein is a film and methods of producing the same. The film includes a substrate and a layer adjacent to the substrate, wherein a surface of the layer comprises spaced apart protrusions. The methods include providing a substrate, depositing a layer on at least a portion of the substrate, decomposing the layer to form at least a first phase of material and a second phase of material, and removing at least a portion of the second phase from the decomposed layer to form a structured layer.

Abstract: Provided herein is a multifunctional particle and methods of forming the same. The multifunctional particle includes a surface of the particle; a first moiety coupled to the surface and having at least one substantially hydrophobic appendage; and a second moiety coupled to the surface and having at least one appendage comprising a reactive functional group and a substantially hydrophilic repeating unit, whereby the particle is substantially superhydrophobic as a result of the substantially hydrophobic appendage, chemically reactive as a result of the reactive functional group, and migratory to a surface of a substantially hydrophobic matrix in which the particle may be included as a result of the substantially hydrophilic repeating unit. Additionally, antimicrobial functional groups may be coupled to the surface.

Abstract: Provided herein is a multifunctional particle and methods of forming the same. The multifunctional particle includes a surface of the particle; a first moiety coupled to the surface and having at least one substantially hydrophobic appendage; and a second moiety coupled to the surface and having at least one appendage comprising a reactive functional group and a substantially hydrophilic repeating unit, whereby the particle is substantially superhydrophobic as a result of the substantially hydrophobic appendage, chemically reactive as a result of the reactive functional group, and migratory to a surface of a substantially hydrophobic matrix in which the particle may be included as a result of the substantially hydrophilic repeating unit. Additionally, antimicrobial functional groups may be coupled to the surface.

Abstract: Provided herein is a multifunctional particle and methods of forming the same. The multifunctional particle includes a surface of the particle; a first moiety coupled to the surface and having at least one substantially hydrophobic appendage; and a second moiety coupled to the surface and having at least one appendage comprising a reactive functional group and a substantially hydrophilic repeating unit, whereby the particle is substantially superhydrophobic as a result of the substantially hydrophobic appendage, chemically reactive as a result of the reactive functional group, and migratory to a surface of a substantially hydrophobic matrix in which the particle may be included as a result of the substantially hydrophilic repeating unit. Additionally, antimicrobial functional groups may be coupled to the surface.

Abstract: Provided herein is a multifunctional particle and methods of forming the same. The multifunctional particle includes: a silica particle; a hydrophobic silane; and a silane coupling agent; where each of the hydrophobic silane and the silane coupling agent are chemically bonded to the surface of the silica particle; where the multifunctional particle is superhydrophobic and chemically reactive.

Abstract: Provided herein is a multifunctional particle and methods of forming the same. The multifunctional particle includes: a silica particle; a hydrophobic silane; and a silane coupling agent; where each of the hydrophobic silane and the silane coupling agent are chemically bonded to the surface of the silica particle; where the multifunctional particle is superhydrophobic and chemically reactive.

Abstract: Provided herein is a multifunctional particle and methods of forming the same. The multifunctional particle includes: a silica particle; a hydrophobic silane; and a silane coupling agent; where each of the hydrophobic silane and the silane coupling agent are chemically bonded to the surface of the silica particle; where the multifunctional particle is superhydrophobic and chemically reactive.