Abstract: A high voltage fuse comprises one or more fusible strips or wires (fusible elements) electrically connected between nonfusible external electrical connection means with at least one portion of the fusible element ("a rapid melting portion") being designed to melt open when the current exceeds a given value for a given period of time. The fuse further comprises exothermic material, disposed on electrically-conductive wire, which is placed adjacent to portions of the fusible element. Electric circuit connection means connect the electrically-conductive wire to electrically opposite sides of the rapid melting portion. The electrical circuit connection means provides for either parallel or series connection of the wire surrounded by the exothermic material.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp comprises a source of near ultraviolet radiation together with an outer shell at least partially surrounding the ultraviolet source and comprising an ultraviolet transmissive material, the shell having embedded or dissolved therein a phosphor material having an indexed refraction approximately, but not quite equal, to the index of refraction of the shell.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp is provided with means for reflecting infrared radiation from the hot central portion of the arc tube onto the cooler end portions of the tube. The infrared reflective means may be provided by one or more infrared reflecting shields surrounding a portion of the arc tube or by an indentation in the outer glass envelope of the lamp.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for uniform exposure of a plurality of objects such as semiconductor wafers to radiation utilizing sources of radiation of linear configuration. The apparatus includes a baffle assembly of particular construction and constitution situated between the linear sources and the region to be irradiated.

Abstract: A lead-tin-bismuth alloy is disposed within a solenoidal electric field lamp to control the mercury vapor pressure. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the alloy is placed within the tip-off region of the lamp envelope. The alloy is fixed within the tip-off region by a means of wetting the alloy to a metal wire structure such as a helix or a cylindrical screen. Alternatively, the alloy may be placed on an interior surface of the envelope by first wetting the glass with a layer of indium. Additionally, methods for wetting the lead-tin-bismuth alloy to the metal wire include firing the alloy in contact with the wire in a hydrogen atmosphere at a sufficiently high temperature to wet the alloy to the wire. The present invention permits the control of mercury vapor pressure in solenoidal electric field discharge lamps.

Abstract: A relative humidity sensitive material comprises a mixture of at least one hygroscopic salt and an at least partially electrically conductive metal based powder. Each salt in the relative humidity sensitive material has a cationic constituent selected from the group consisting of the alkali and alkaline earth metals and an anionic constituent selected from the group consisting of a chlorate, perchlorate, and chloro aluminate. The metal based powder preferably comprises a metal or metal oxide powder or powder mixture including such constituents as Zr, CO.sub.3 O.sub.4, and MnO.sub.2. Additionally, the material may include a binding agent and a slurry mixture may be formed for placement of the resultant material between electrodes on a substrate so as to form a relative humidity sensor. These sensors are employed either individually or configured in a system used to either indicate or control the relative humidity.

Abstract: The amount of mercury used in a metal halide-mercury arc discharge lamp is controllably selected to produce a voltage gradient along the arc discharge of between approximately 2 v/cm and approximately 10 v/cm. When such a lamp is operated vertically, the usually observed color separation does not occur. Even though this voltage gradient is substantially less than the conventional gradient employed in such lamps, no significant loss of efficacy occurs.

Abstract: In high intensity discharge lamps, particularly those that are configured to operate in a particular orientation, end coatings are provided which increase the efficacy of the lamp. In one embodiment of the present invention, reflective end coatings are provided exteriorly and at the ends of the discharge tube except for an approximately semicircularly shaped portion through which the optical output of the lamp radiates. The particular coating pattern provided in the present invention reduces the number of internal reflections occurring within the discharge tube and accordingly increases the efficacy of the lamp.

Abstract: A lead-tin-bismuth alloy is disposed within a solenoidal electric field lamp to control the mercury vapor pressure. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the alloy is placed within the tip-off region of the lamp envelope. The alloy is fixed within the tip-off region by a means of wetting the alloy to a metal wire structure such as a helix or a cylindrical screen. Alternatively, the alloy may be placed on an interior surface of the envelope by first wetting the glass with a layer of indium. Additionally, methods for wetting the lead-tin-bismuth alloy to the metal wire include firing the alloy in contact with the wire in a hydrogen atmosphere at a sufficiently high temperature to wet the alloy to the wire. The present invention permits the control of mercury vapor pressure in solenoidal electric field discharge lamps.

Abstract: A photoflash lamp of generally flat configuration for providing compact containment of metal fuel and solid oxidant includes a plate member having a recess therein. An expandable sheet member is formed over, and affixed to the plate surface adjacent to the recess for tightly containing a quantity of combustible material and solid oxidant within the recess. Ignition of the combustible material generates gaseous oxygen and reaction products which expands the sheet member away from the plate surface so as to provide an expandable volume to accommodate the burning oxygen-fuel mixture and to provide increased surface area for permitting maximum light emission.