Abstract: Smart surveillance data processing systems support safe uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) or uncrewed surface vessels/vehicles operations where remote pilots are operating their uncrewed aircraft beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) or near controlled areas, by providing: (i) real-time situational awareness in dense crewed aircraft and uncrewed drone environments while providing automated detection and alerting of intruders to remote pilots in command; (ii) surveillance network performance assessments through radar and ADS-B quantifiable measures; (iii) detection and alerting of any appreciable degradation of surveillance sensor performance, allowing remote pilots to suspend or alter operations to ensure safety; (iv), standardized airspace reporting including traffic patterns; (v) certification of portions of the airspace where the surveillance network is capable of meeting a minimum standard; (vi) assessment and reporting of drone compliance and non-compliance with UAS operating regulations.

Abstract: A self-bleeding multi-stage or single-stage hydraulic cylinder system is disclosed which automatically bleeds entrapped air from within the cylinder each time the cylinder is cycled. The self-bleeding structure preferably includes a fixed elongated tube mounted to the base plate of the cylinder, and an axially moveable elongated tube telescopically mounted on the fixed tube. A biasing compression spring forces the moveable tube upward to a predetermined extent when the cylinder is extended. Upon contraction of the cylinder, air trapped therein is purged or bled from the cylinder through the top end of the axially moveable elongated tube into a fluid reservoir. In the final stage of contraction of the cylinder, hydraulic fluid is forced through the fixed and moveable elongated tubes thereby forcing the remaining air trapped therein out of the cylinder and into the hydraulic fluid reservoir.

Abstract: A fastener member to hold sheets of paper in a stack and ultimately be recycled at the same time the paper stacks are recycled. The fastener comprises a rolled material which is tightly bound to itself to produce a rigid shank for use as a fastening member.